{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:57:50Z","timestamp":1791125870187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The chemistry of Pb in urban soil must be understood in order to limit human exposure to Pb in soil and produce and to implement remediation schemes. In inner\u2010city gardens where Pb contamination is prevalent and financial resources are limited, it is critical to identify the variables that control Pb bioavailability. Field\u2010portable X\u2010ray fluorescence was used to measure Pb in 103 urban gardens in Roxbury and Dorchester, MA, and 88% were found to contain Pb above the USEPA reportable limit of 400 \u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    Phosphorus, iron, loss on ignition, and pH data were collected, Pb\u2010bearing phases were identified by X\u2010ray diffraction, and Pb isotopes were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Four test crops were grown both in situ and in Roxbury soil in a greenhouse, and plant tissue was analyzed for Pb uptake by polarized energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray fluorescence. Variation at the neighborhood scale in soil mineralogical and chemical characteristics suggests that the bioavailable fraction of Pb in gardens is site specific. Based on Pb isotope analysis, two historical Pb sources appear to dominate the inventory of Pb in Roxbury gardens: leaded gasoline (\n                    <jats:sup>207<\/jats:sup>\n                    Pb\/\n                    <jats:sup>206<\/jats:sup>\n                    Pb = 0.827) and Pb\u2010based paint (\n                    <jats:sup>207<\/jats:sup>\n                    Pb\/\n                    <jats:sup>206<\/jats:sup>\n                    Pb = 0.867). Nearly 70% of the samples analyzed can be isotopically described by mixing these two end members, with Pb\u2010based paint contributing 40 to 80% of the mass balance. A simplified urban human exposure model suggests that the consumption of produce from urban gardens is equivalent to approximately 10 to 25% of children's daily exposure from tap water. Furthermore, analysis of over 60 samples of plant tissue from the four test species suggests that in these urban gardens unamended phytoremediation is an inadequate tool for decreasing soil Pb.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]],"date-time":"2006-10-27T21:12:00Z","timestamp":1161983520000},"page":"2066-2074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Sources, Sinks, and Exposure Pathways of Lead in Urban Garden Soil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Heather F.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosciences Dep. Wellesley College 21 Wellesley College Rd Wellesley MA 02481"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Brabander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geosciences Dep. Wellesley College 21 Wellesley College Rd Wellesley MA 02481"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Erdil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellesley College 21 Wellesley College Rd Wellesley MA 02481"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es970052x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Lead toxicity","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2002.5810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20041342","volume-title":"Lead isotopic composition of common arsenical pesticides used in New England","author":"Ayuso R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es960552a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Health of Boston 2004 Chartbook","author":"Boston Public Health Commission","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Biosolids compost reduces lead bioavailability in urban soils. 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