{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:58:10Z","timestamp":1787165890178,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006029","name":"United States Golf Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Turf, including home lawns, roadsides, golf courses, parks, etc., is often the most intensively managed land use in the urban landscape. Substantial inputs of fertilizers and water to maintain turf systems have led to a perception that turf systems are a major contributor to nonpoint source water pollution. The primary objective of this study was to quantify nutrient (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N, NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N, and PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013P) transport in storm\u2010generated surface runoff from a golf course. Storm event samples were collected for 5 yr (1 Apr. 1998\u201331 Mar. 2003) from the Morris Williams Municipal Golf Course in Austin, TX. Inflow and outflow samples were collected from a stream that transected the golf course. One hundred fifteen runoff\u2010producing precipitation events were measured. Median NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N and PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013P concentrations at the outflow location were significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) greater than like concentrations measured at the inflow location; however, median outflow NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N concentration was significantly less than the median inflow concentration. Storm water runoff transported 1.2 kg NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    yr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 0.23 kg NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    yr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 0.51 kg PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013P ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    yr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    from the course. These amounts represent approximately 3.3% of applied N and 6.2% of applied P over the contributing area for the same period. NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013N transport in storm water runoff from this course does not pose a substantial environmental risk; however, the median PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013P concentration exiting the course exceeded the USEPA recommendation of 0.1 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for streams not discharging into lakes. The PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013P load measured in this study was comparable to soluble P rates measured from agricultural lands. The findings of this study emphasize the need to balance golf course fertility management with environmental risks, especially with respect to phosphorus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T21:19:36Z","timestamp":1180127976000},"page":"1021-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nutrient Load Generated by Storm Event Runoff from a Golf Course Watershed"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"K. W.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Balogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Research Inc. 4915 E. Superior St., Suite 100 Duluth MN 55804"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State Univ. 590 Woody Hayes Dr. Columbus OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. D.","family":"Harmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS 808 E. Blackland Rd. Temple TX 76502"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.5782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.5609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"2:1","volume-title":"Irrigation with reclaimed municipal wastewater\u2010A guidance manual","author":"Asano T.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Golf course management and construction: Environmental issues","author":"Balogh J.C.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"951","volume-title":"Golf course management and construction: Environmental issues","author":"Balogh J.C.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Golf course management and construction: Environmental issues","author":"Balogh J.C.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-003-0073-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Managing golf course roughs to reduce runoff. 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