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Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from all four areas were predominantly from two classes of herbicides\u2014triazines and chloroacetanilides; insecticides and fungicides were not present in the shallow ground water. In most samples, pesticide degradates greatly exceeded the concentrations of parent pesticide. In samples from Nebraska, the parent pesticide atrazine [6\u2010chloro\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethyl\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2010(1\u2010methylethyl)\u20101,3,5\u2010triazine\u20102,4\u2010diamine] was about the same concentration as the degradate, but in samples from Maryland and California atrazine concentrations were substantially smaller than its degradate. Simazine [6\u2010chloro\u2010<jats:italic>N,N\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010diethyl\u20101,3,5\u2010triazine\u20102,4\u2010diamine], the second most detected triazine, was detected in ground water from Maryland, California, and Washington. Metolachlor [2\u2010chloro\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010(2\u2010ethyl\u20106\u2010methylphenyl)\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010(2\u2010methoxy\u20101\u2010methylethyl)acetamide] rarely was detected without its degradates, and when they were detected in the same sample metolachlor always had smaller concentrations. The Root\u2010Zone Water\u2010Quality Model was used to examine the occurrence and fate of metolachlor at the Maryland site. Simulations accurately predicted which metolachlor degradate would be predominant in the unsaturated zone. In analyses of relations among redox indicators and pesticide variance, apparent age, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and excess nitrogen gas (from denitrification) were important indicators of the presence and concentration of pesticides in these ground water systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,3]],"date-time":"2008-05-03T22:03:16Z","timestamp":1209852196000},"page":"1116-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Occurrence and Fate of Pesticides in Four Contrasting Agricultural Settings in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Gregory V.","family":"Steele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey 5231 South 19th St. Lincoln NE 68512"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey 2130 SW 5th Ave. Portland OR 97201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Sandstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Lakewood CO 80225"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Capel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey 122 Civil Engineering Building, 500 Pillsbury Drive, SE Minneapolis MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack E.","family":"Barbash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey 934 Broadway, Suite 300 Tacoma WA 98402"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740100358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Root zone water\u2010quality model\u2014Modeling management effects on water quality and crop production","author":"Ahuja L.R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Pesticides in ground water: Distribution, trends, and governing factors","author":"Barbash J.E.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Distribution of major herbicides in ground water of the United States","author":"Barbash J.E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.42.6.1074-1084.1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.11075","article-title":"Agrichemical transport to groundwater through coastal plain soils","volume":"45","author":"Bosch D.D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. 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