{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:27:09Z","timestamp":1791278829752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Environmental Research Center at the Univ. of Missouri-Rolla"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aqueous degradation rates, which include hydrolysis and epimerization, for chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TET), lincomycin (LNC), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TRM), and tylosin A (TYL) were studied as a function of ionic strength (0.0015, 0.050, or 0.084 mg\/L as Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    HPO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), temperature (7, 22, and 35\u00b0C), and pH (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11). Multiple linear regression revealed that ionic strength did not significantly affect (\u03b1 = 0.05) degradation rates for all compounds, but temperature and pH affected rates for CTC, OTC, and TET significantly (\u03b1 = 0.05). Degradation also was observed for TYL at pH 2 and 11. No significant degradation was observed for LNC, SCP, SDM, STZ, TRM, and TYL (pH 5, 7, and 9) under study conditions. Pseudo first\u2010order rate constants, half\u2010lives, and Arrhenius coefficients were calculated where appropriate. In general, hydrolysis rates for CTC, OTC, and TET increased as pH and temperature increased following Arrhenius relationships. Known degradation products were used to confirm that degradation had occurred, but these products were not quantified. Half\u2010lives ranged from less than 6 h up to 9.7 wk for the tetracyclines and for TYL (pH 2 and 11), but no degradation of LIN, the sulfonamides, or TRM was observed during the study period. These results indicate that tetracyclines and TYL at pH 2 and 11 are prone to pH\u2010mediated transformation and hydrolysis in some cases, but not the sulfonamides, LIN nor TRM are inclined to degrade under study conditions. This indicates that with the exception of CTC, OTC, and TET, pH\u2010mediated reactions such as hydrolysis and epimerization are not likely removal mechanisms in surface water, anaerobic swine lagoons, wastewater, and ground water.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,11]],"date-time":"2008-02-11T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1202766021000},"page":"378-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Effects of Ionic Strength, Temperature, and pH on Degradation of Selected Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Loftin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Lab. 4821 Quail Crest Place Lawrence KS 66049"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. of Missouri\u2010Rolla Dep. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering 1870 Miner Circle Dr. Rolla MO 65401"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Lab. 4821 Quail Crest Place Lawrence KS 66049"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rao","family":"Surampalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2010Region 7 P.O. Box 17\u20102141 Kansas City KS 66117"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.3.1710-1720.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Ground water","author":"Freeze R.A.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00766-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-001-0017-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water","author":"Hem J.D.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Analysis of purified samples of oxytetracycline, 4\u2010epioxytetracycline, \u03b1\u2010apooxytetracycline, and \u03b2\u2010apooxytetracycline","volume":"10","author":"Khan N.H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Janssen Chim. 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Pharm. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Kinetics of degradation of oxytetracycline in aqueous solution","volume":"6","author":"Vej\u2010Hansen B.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Chemi. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)01341-9","article-title":"Application of liquid chromatography\u2010electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to the detection of 10 sulfonamides in honey","volume":"977","author":"Verzengnassi L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2007.0230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2007.0230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T14:30:28Z","timestamp":1760625028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2007.0230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2007.0230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2007.0230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-03-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}