{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:28:33Z","timestamp":1778542113420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009823","name":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in ground water and surface\u2010water bodies has raised concerns about the possible ecological impacts of these compounds on nontarget organisms. On\u2010site wastewater treatment systems represent a potentially significant route of entry for organic contaminants to the environment. In this study, effluent samples were collected and analyzed from conventional septic systems and from systems using advanced treatment technologies. Six of 13 target compounds were detected in effluent from at least one septic system. Caffeine, paraxanthine, and acetaminophen were the most frequently detected compounds, and estrogenic activity was detected in 14 of 15 systems. The OWC concentrations were significantly lower in effluent after sand filtration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) or aerobic treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) as compared with effluent that had not undergone advanced treatment. In general, concentrations in conventional systems were comparable to those measured in previous studies of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent, and concentrations in systems after advanced treatment were comparable to previously measured concentrations in WWTP effluent. These data indicate that septic systems using advanced treatment can reduce OWCs in treated effluent to similar concentrations as municipal WWTPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,13]],"date-time":"2009-01-13T21:37:31Z","timestamp":1231882651000},"page":"149-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Removal of Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Septic Systems Using Advanced Treatment Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Geology &amp; Geophysics Univ. of Wisconsin\u2010Madison 1215 W. Dayton St. Madison WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Geology &amp; Geophysics Univ. of Wisconsin\u2010Madison 1215 W. Dayton St. Madison WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis J.","family":"Hedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Lab. of Hygiene 2601 Agriculture Dr. Madison WI 53718"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn D. C.","family":"Hemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Lab. of Hygiene 2601 Agriculture Dr. Madison WI 53718"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miel A. E.","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Lab. of Hygiene 2601 Agriculture Dr. Madison WI 53718"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey 3817 Mineral Point Rd. Madison WI 53705"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es026192a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es020125z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Septic tank system effects on ground water quality","author":"Canter L.W.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Alternative onsite wastewater treatment and disposal systems on severely limited sites","author":"Cashell M.M.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es050991m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0605117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s6907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2003.tb00684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143005X41573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds in water reclamation processes","author":"Drewes J.E.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Proc. 4th International Conf. on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water","author":"Godfrey E.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2006.00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1992.00472425002100040030x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2007.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00354-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005298932244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(02)00165-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20055055","volume-title":"Organic wastewater compounds, pharmaceuticals, and coliphage in ground water receiving discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems near La Pine, Oregon\u2014occurrence and implications for transport","author":"Hinkle S.R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac062370x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b306355k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrj.2003.042","article-title":"Acidic pharmaceuticals in sewage\u2013 Methodology, stability test, occurrence, and removal from Ontario samples","volume":"38","author":"Lee R.B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Qual. Res. J. Can."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0607741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/02-627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es050261e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"Historical climate data","author":"Midwestern Regional Climate Center","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es970723r"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"The internet drug index","author":"RxList","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Chemically induced alterations in sexual development: The wildlife\/human connection","author":"Soto A.M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103s7113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es052595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00099-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)01205-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/04-144R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"Soil survey of Kenosha and Racine Counties, Wisconsin","author":"USDA","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","volume-title":"Onsite wastewater treatment systems manual","author":"USEPA","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","volume-title":"Definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit\u2014Revision 1.11","author":"USEPA","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac034210g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/05-074R.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2007.0365","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2007.0365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1760630470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2007.0365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2007.0365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2007.0365","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}