{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:12:49Z","timestamp":1760634769616,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina","award":["70208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70208"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In addition to nutrients, poultry are fed trace elements (e.g., As) for therapeutic purposes. Although a large proportion of the nutrients are assimilated by the birds, nearly all of the As is excreted. Hence, turkey litter constituents can leach into the soil and contaminate shallow ground water when it is stockpiled uncovered on bare soil. This study quantified the leaching of turkey litter constituents from uncovered stockpiles into the underlying soil. Four stockpiles were placed on Orangeburg loamy sand in summer 2004 for 162 d; 14 d after their removal, four stockpiles were created over the same footprints and left over winter for 162 d. Soil samples at depths of 7.6 to 30.5 cm and 30.5 to 61 cm adjacent to and beneath the stockpiles were compared for pH, electrical conductivity, total C, dissolved organic C, N species, P, water\u2010extractable (WE)\u2010P, As, WE\u2010As, Cu, Mn, and Zn. All WE constituents affected the 7.6\u2010 to 30.5\u2010cm layer, and some leached deeper; for example, NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2013N concentrations were 184 and 62 times higher in the shallow and deep layers, respectively. During winter stockpiling, WE\u2010As concentrations beneath the stockpiles tripled and doubled in the 7.6\u2010 to 30.5\u2010cm and 30.5\u2010 to 61\u2010cm layers, respectively, with WE\u2010As being primarily as As(V). Heavy dissolved organic C and WE\u2010P leaching likely increased solubilization of soil As, although WE\u2010As concentrations were low due to the Al\u2010rich soil and low\u2010As litter. When used as drinking water, shallow ground water should be monitored on farms with a history of litter stockpiling on bare soil; high litter As; and high soil As, Fe, and Mn concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T12:30:40Z","timestamp":1238416240000},"page":"1053-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Leaching of Nutrients and Trace Elements from Stockpiled Turkey Litter into Soil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sanjay B.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Box 7625 North Carolina State Univ. 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