{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:26:42Z","timestamp":1773080802010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For removal of phosphorus (P) from swine liquid manure before land application, we developed a treatment process that produces low P effluents and a valuable P by\u2010product with minimal chemical addition and ammonia losses. The new wastewater process included two sequential steps: (i) biological nitrification and (ii) increasing the pH of the nitrified wastewater to precipitate P. We hypothesized that by reduction of inorganic buffers (NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and carbonate alkalinity) via nitrification, P could be selectively removed by subsequent hydrated lime [Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] addition. The objective of the study was to assess if this new treatment could consistently reduce inorganic buffer capacity with varied initial concentrations of N (100\u2013723 mg NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), P (26\u201385 mg TP L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and alkalinity (953\u20133063 mg CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and then efficiently remove P from swine lagoon liquid. The process was tested with surface lagoon liquids from 10 typical swine farms in North Carolina. Each lagoon liquid received treatment in a nitrification bioreactor, followed by chemical treatment with Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at Ca rates of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mmol L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> to precipitate P. This configuration was compared with a control that received the same Ca rates but without the nitrification pretreatment. The new process significantly reduced &gt;90% the inorganic buffers concentrations compared with the control and prevented ammonia losses. Subsequent lime addition resulted in efficient pH increase to \u22659.5 for optimum P precipitation in the nitrified liquid and significant reduction of effluent total P concentration versus the control. With this new process, the total P concentration in treated liquid effluent can be adjusted for on\u2010farm use with up to &gt;90% of P removal. The recovered solid Ca phosphate material can be easily exported from the farm and reused as P fertilizer. Therefore, the new process can be used to reduce the P content in livestock effluents to levels that would diminish problems of excess P accumulation in waste\u2010amended soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,7]],"date-time":"2009-02-07T04:03:31Z","timestamp":1233979411000},"page":"576-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Removal of Phosphorus from Livestock Effluents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ariel A.","family":"Szogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center 2611 W. Lucas St. Florence SC 29501\u20101242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matias B.","family":"Vanotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center 2611 W. 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