{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T22:32:21Z","timestamp":1769380341797,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutrient removal in treatment wetlands declines during winter months due to temperature. A 3\u2010mo (wintertime) mesocosm study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of alum in immobilizing P as well as other nutrients during this period of reduced treatment efficiency. Eighteen mesocosms, triplicate alum, and three controls or no alum were established with either <jats:italic>Typha<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Schoenoplectus californicus<\/jats:italic>, or SAV (<jats:italic>Najas guadalupensis<\/jats:italic>\u2010dominated). Alum was delivered by timer at a rate of 0.81 g Al m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and parameters measured included: pH, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and soluble aluminum (Al). Alum\u2010treated mesocosms had significantly lower pH values (8.1) than controls (8.8), but well within the elevated pH range for aluminum toxicity. Alum significantly reduced all measured water column nutrients with the exception of ammonium N, which remained unaffected, and particulate P, which increased. This study demonstrated that seasonal low\u2010dosage alum application to different vegetation communities in a treatment wetland can significantly improve treatment efficiencies for SRP (87 vs. 58%) and TP (62 vs. 44%) but also increase DOC (19 vs. 0%) and TKN (12 vs. \u22123%) removal capacity to a lesser degree. Alum applications within close proximity of the treatment wetland effluent points should be implemented with caution due to the production of alum floc\u2010bound P which could potentially affect discharge permit compliance for total suspended solids or total P.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T21:50:07Z","timestamp":1235598607000},"page":"814-821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Alum Application to Improve Water Quality in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Wetland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lynette M.","family":"Malecki\u2010Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Science Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL 32611"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State Univ. 3239 Energy Coast and Environment Bld. Baton Rouge LA 70803"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orlando Easterly Wetlands, Wastewater Div. 25155 Wheeler Rd. Christmas FL 32709"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(94)00309-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2004.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1770.2000.00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2006.0137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Proc. 16th Annu. Conf. Wetlands Restoration Creation","author":"Burney J.L.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00050758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1311969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8609(03)00029-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Wapato Lake Restoration: A discussion of design considerations, construction techniques, and performance evaluation","author":"Entranco","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(96)00256-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/07-194.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1938525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Proc. North Am. Lake Management Soc. Southeastern Lakes Management Conf.","author":"Lind C.B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.06.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2007.0115","article-title":"Effect of aluminum\u2010containing amendments on phosphorus sequestration of treatment wetland soil","author":"Malecki\u2010Brown L.M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:6(553)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02757540601024785","article-title":"Sediment nutrient flux in a coastal lake impacted by diverted Mississippi River water","volume":"22","author":"Miao S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Microsoft Excel for Windows","author":"Microsoft","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Minitab statistical software. Version 13.32","author":"Minitab","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.5.692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential adverse effects of lake inflow treatment with alum","volume":"21","author":"Pilgrim K.M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lake Reserv. Manage."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","volume-title":"Proc. 6th Annu. North Am. Lake Manage. Soc. Southeastern Lakes Manage. Conf.","author":"Sees M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"Simon S.M.Phosphorus retention and release of soils in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.303992x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005090224878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"Methods of chemical analysis of water and wastes","author":"USEPA","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00192-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2005.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00026731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.2436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2003.0339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.1379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.05.044"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2008.0033","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2008.0033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:31:05Z","timestamp":1760632265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2008.0033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2008.0033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2008.0033","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-03-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}