{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:55:48Z","timestamp":1778529348901,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008396","name":"Ministeriet for F\u00f8 devarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Liquid manure (slurry) storages are sources of gases such as ammonia (NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) and methane (CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>). Danish slurry storages are required to be covered to reduce NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> emissions and often a floating crust of straw is applied. This study investigated whether physical properties of the crust or crust microbiology had an effect on the emission of the potent greenhouse gases CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) when crust moisture was manipulated (\u201cdry\u201d, \u201cmoderate\u201d, and \u201cwet\u201d). The dry crust had the deepest oxygen penetration (45 mm as compared to 20 mm in the wet treatment) as measured with microsensors, the highest amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> and NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) (up to 36 \u03bcmol g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> wet weight) and the highest emissions of N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> Fluorescent in situ hybridization and gene\u2010specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect occurrence of bacterial groups. Ammonia\u2010oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were abundant in all three crust types, whereas nitrite\u2010oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were undetectable and methane\u2010oxidizing bacteria (MOB) were only sparsely present in the wet treatment. A change to anoxia did not affect the CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emission indicating the virtual absence of aerobic methane oxidation in the investigated 2\u2010mo old crusts. However, an increase in N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emission was observed in all crusted treatments exposed to anoxia, and this was probably a result of denitrification based on NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> that had accumulated in the crust during oxic conditions. To reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions, floating crust should be managed to optimize conditions for methanotrophs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,27]],"date-time":"2009-04-27T21:10:16Z","timestamp":1240866616000},"page":"1311-1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Greenhouse Gas Microbiology in Wet and Dry Straw Crust Covering Pig Slurry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Rikke R.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Univ. of Aarhus bd. 1540 DK\u20108000 Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Aa.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Univ. of Aarhus bd. 1540 DK\u20108000 Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Univ. of Aarhus bd. 1540 DK\u20108000 Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars P.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Univ. of Aarhus bd. 1540 DK\u20108000 Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels P.","family":"Revsbech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Univ. of Aarhus bd. 1540 DK\u20108000 Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin N.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroTech A\/S, Institute for Agro Technology and Food Innovation Udkaersvej 15 DK\u20108200 Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/10256010500131783","article-title":"Oxidation of 13C\u2010labeled methane in surface crusts of pig\u2010 and cattle slurry","volume":"41","author":"Ambus P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Isot. 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