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The MBFs are composed of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF8) to more tightly bound (MBF9) mixtures using combinations of starch, cellulose, lignin, Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>18H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, and\/or Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>3H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O to create a matrix that slowly releases the nutrients. One day after the first dairy manure application, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> numbers were greater in leachate from control columns than in leachate from columns receiving MBFs. After three dairy manure applications, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. numbers in leachates were not consistently different between controls and columns receiving MBFs. When MBF8 was applied to the soil, the total amount of DRP, TP, NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in leachate was lower than in the control columns. Bermudagrass receiving MBFs had greater shoot, root, and total biomass than grass growing in the control columns. Grass shoot, root, and total biomass did not differ among columns receiving MBFs. Nitrogen and phosphorus bound to the Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>18H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O or Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>3H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u2013lignin\u2013cellulose matrix become gradually available to plants over the growing season. The MBF8 and MBF9 formulations do not depend on organic or inorganic coatings to reduce N and P leaching and have the potential with further testing and development to provide an effective method to reduce N and P leaching from soils treated with animal waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,4]],"date-time":"2010-01-04T21:36:57Z","timestamp":1262641017000},"page":"384-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Matrix\u2010based Fertilizers Reduce Nutrient and Bacterial Leaching after Manure Application in a Greenhouse Column Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Entry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab. 3793 North 3600 East Kimberly ID 83443"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.E.","family":"Sojka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab. 3793 North 3600 East Kimberly ID 83443"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan J.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology Research, Department of Biological Sciences School of Science &amp; Engineering, University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"APHA","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jiec.1997.1.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/018622-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssabookser5.3.c37"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"National estuarine eutrophication assessment: Effects of nutrient enrichment in the nations estuaries","author":"Bricker S.B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.302303x","article-title":"Chesapeake Bay eutrophication: Scientific understanding, ecosystem restoration and challenges for agriculture","volume":"30","author":"Broesch D.F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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