{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:39:58Z","timestamp":1790779198967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil ingestion by children can be a significant exposure pathway to mercury (Hg). Unfortunately, no reliable in vivo results for Hg oral bioavailability determination in soils have been published. In vitro extractions enable the assessment of metals' bioaccessibility, which is an estimate of oral bioavailability. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate two in vitro protocols (CDM (Camp Dresser and Mc Kee Inc.) and IVG (In Vitro Gastrointestinal)) for determination of Hg bioaccessibility in soils using pure Hg\u2010compounds, reference materials (CRM 025\u2010050 and ERM\u2010CC580), and field\u2010collected soils with elevated Hg concentrations. The influence of Hg fractionation and soil properties on Hg bioaccessibility was also investigated. In the field\u2010collected soils, IVG bioaccessibility ranged from 1.5 to 7.5%, and was always below 3.15%, using the CDM method. Mercury bioaccessibility in CRM 025\u2010050 was 61.5 and 34.7%, using IVG and CDM protocols, respectively, whereas Hg bioaccessibility was much lower in the certified sediment sample ERM\u2010CC580 (&lt;7%). Overall, the CDM protocol resulted in lower Hg bioaccessibility values. The water\u2010soluble and exchangeable Hg fraction was highly correlated with gastrointestinal bioaccessibility (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for both methods) and this fraction could be a potentially good indicator of Hg bioaccessibility. Because the IVG method is less time\u2010consuming than the CDM protocol and includes organic physiological components which seem to increase Hg bioaccessibility, it might be preferred for determination of Hg bioaccessibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T22:53:05Z","timestamp":1256856785000},"page":"2237-2244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of Two In Vitro Protocols for Determination of Mercury Bioaccessibility: Influence of Mercury Fractionation and Soil Properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Welfringer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3C 3A7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald J.","family":"Zagury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada H3C 3A7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9071-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"The biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment","author":"Andersson A.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/20015891109275","article-title":"Bioaccessibility of mercury in soils","volume":"10","author":"Barnett M.O.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soil Sed. Contam."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Development of chemical methods to assess the bioavailability of arsenic in contaminated media","author":"Basta N.T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9808200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(02)01550-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2389111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"CEAEQ.CENTRE D'EXPERTISE EN ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE DU QU\u00c9BEC.D\u00e9termination du mercure: m\u00e9thode par spectrophotom\u00e9trie d'absorption atomique formation de vapeur MA. 200 \u2013 Hg 1.0 R\u00e9v. 4 Minist\u00e8re du D\u00e9veloppement durable de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Qu\u00e9bec 14 p.D\u00e9termination du mercure: Dosage par spectrophotom\u00e9trie d'absorption atomique formation de vapeur. p.1\u201314.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00191389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Certificate of analysis\u2010 ERM(R)\u2010CC580","author":"ERM","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-004-1308-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Visual MINTEQ","author":"Gustafsson J.P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0503332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es001960o"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Soil sampling and methods of analysis","author":"Karam A.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Assessing oral bioavailability of metals in soil","author":"Kelley M.E.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0255a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(95)00097-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0604156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Bioaccessibility of chromium and copper in soils collected near CCA\u2010treated wood poles. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management","volume":"12","author":"Pouschat P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"ASCE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9804058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01056090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es980631h"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"Loamy sand\u2013Trace metals","author":"RTC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es950057z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es990479z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2343\/geochemj.29.97","article-title":"The content and chemical forms of mercury in sediments from Kagoshima Bay, in comparison with Minamata Bay and Yatsushiro Sea, southwestern Japan","volume":"29","author":"Sakamoto H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochem. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.5130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00342308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1995.00472425002400030017x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(02)00115-4","article-title":"Evaluation of sequential and selective extraction methods for determination of mercury speciation and mobility in mine waste","volume":"18","author":"Sladek C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburdens and mine soils","author":"Sobek A.A.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","volume-title":"Chapter Three: Examination and description of soils. Soil Survey Manual","author":"Soil Survey Division Staff","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","volume-title":"Humus chemistry","author":"Stevenson F.J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","volume-title":"East Fork Poplar Creek Sewer Line Beltway remedial investigation report","author":"US Department of Energy","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","volume-title":"Volume V: Health effects of mercury and mercury compounds, mercury study report to congress","author":"USEPA","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1998.00472425002700050008x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1998.00472425002700050009x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2004.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.01.012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2008.0478","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2008.0478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T15:29:20Z","timestamp":1760628560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2008.0478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2008.0478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2008.0478","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}