{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:06:45Z","timestamp":1791662805935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metal\u2010thiol complexes can enhance metal uptake by plant roots and microorganisms, therefore it is important to determine whether thiols effectively solubilize these metals from the soil matrix. Extractions were conducted by combining 1 g contaminated soil and 10 mL of 10 mmol L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    thiol solution and shaking for 1 h. Both cysteine and glutathione extracted between 5 and 45% of Pb and Cd from laboratory and field\u2010contaminated soils at pHs &gt; 6 after 1 h. In the presence of oxygen, the half\u2010life of reduced cysteine was on the order of 0.1 h and dissolved metal concentrations decreased to nearly zero over 24 h. In extractions with glutathione, both the metals and thiol were more stable, with a half\u2010life for glutathione of 23 h, and stable dissolved metal concentrations over 24 h in the presence of oxygen. In cysteine extractions, Pb was primarily removed from the Fe\/Mn oxide fraction of the amended soil and dissolved Fe concentrations followed dissolved Pb concentrations, whereas this pool of Pb was unavailable to thiol extraction in aged field contaminated soils. Iron is hypothesized to play a role in the oxidation of cysteine via both reductive dissolution of iron oxides and in the photolytic oxidation of the Fe\u2010thiol complex in the aqueous phase. While overall cysteine was more effective than glutathione at extracting Pb from soils, its propensity to oxidize may limit its ability to increase the bioavailability of this metal to plants or microorganisms in oxic environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2008.0524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T22:53:05Z","timestamp":1256856785000},"page":"2245-2252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Extraction of Lead and Cadmium from Soils by Cysteine and Glutathione"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Vadas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Cir., TRC 181 Baltimore MD 21250"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Ahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Biological and Environmental Engineering Cornell Univ. Riley\u2010Robb Hall Ithaca NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(01)00546-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Toxicological profiles for lead and cadmium","author":"ATSDR","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024761324710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:KICA.0000032171.81652.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529909376875","article-title":"Trace elements in soils and plants: An overview","volume":"34","author":"Banuelos G.S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A Toxic Hazard. Subst. Environ. 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Part I: Displacement from clay minerals and peat by L\u2010cysteine and L\u2010penicillamine","volume":"137","author":"Fischer K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015566207849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1081\/ESE-120027729","article-title":"Extraction of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using citrate\u2010enhancing extraction by pH control and ultrasound application","volume":"39","author":"Furukawa M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. 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