{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:02:59Z","timestamp":1787317379652,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In smaller wastewater treatment systems such as septic systems, there is an interest in the development of passive phosphorus (P) removal methods. This study tested fixed\u2010bed filters containing ferric oxyhydroxide media for wastewater P removal in a laboratory column test and in a full\u2010scale domestic septic system. In the column test, during 30 mo of dosing with domestic wastewater, reductive iron dissolution reactions delivered consistent moderate concentrations of Fe into solution (2.9 \u00b1 1.6 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and influent PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013P of 3.7 \u00b1 1.0 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    was attenuated to 0.09 + 0.04 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the column effluent (98% removal). Phosphorus breakthrough at successive locations along the column indicated that in addition to sorption, mineral precipitation reactions probably also played an important role in the observed P attenuation. This was supported by electron microprobe analyses, which showed the presence of thick (20 \u03bcm) secondary Fe\u2010rich coatings containing P on the primary ferric media grains. Assays of NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013leachable and acid\u2010extractable P on the column solids showed accumulation of up to 5.4 mg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    acid\u2010extractable P near the column inlet, but &lt;5% of this amount was easily desorbable, further indicating P attenuation from processes other than sorption. Over 19 mo of operation, the domestic septic system also showed generally consistent increased Fe in the filter effluent (2.6 \u00b1 1.7 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and achieved 99% P removal to 0.03 \u00b1 0.02 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    when the effluent was subsequently oxidized in a sand filter. Ferric iron filters could be attractive options for P removal in smaller wastewater systems because of their passive nature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2009.0274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,5]],"date-time":"2011-12-05T14:44:09Z","timestamp":1323096249000},"page":"1955-1962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Treatment of Wastewater Phosphate by Reductive Dissolution of Iron: Use of Ferric Oxyhydroxide Media"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"W. D.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Univ. of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lombardo Associates Ltd. Newton MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es970934w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Process design manual for phosphorus removal","author":"Bowker R.P.G.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Sand and red mud filters: An alternative media for household effluents","volume":"113","author":"Chowdhry N.A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Water Pollut. 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Date issued: 10 April."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900050040x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2007.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.195.4275.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es030488e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61736-2_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Geochemical and hydrologic controls on phosphorus transport in a sewage\u2010contaminated sand and gravel aquifer near Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, MA","author":"Walter D.A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.06.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(98)00082-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2009.0274","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2009.0274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T19:03:59Z","timestamp":1760641439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2009.0274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2009.0274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2009.0274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}