{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:48:09Z","timestamp":1791226089258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The time course photodegradation of the Nordic aquatic fulvic and humic acids and Suwannee River XAD\u20104 acids subjected to UV irradiation with an unfiltered medium pressure mercury lamp was studied by liquid\u2010state <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance. Photodecarboxylation was a significant pathway in all cases. Decreases in ketone, aromatic, and O\u2010alkyl carbons were observed throughout the course of the irradiations, whereas C\u2010alkyl carbons resisted photodegradation. Peaks attributable to the low\u2010molecular\u2010weight photodegradation products bicarbonate, formate, acetate, and succinate grew in intensity with irradiation time. The final products of the irradiations were decarboxylated, hydrophobic, predominantly C\u2010alkyl and O\u2010alkyl materials that were resistant to further photodegradation. The total amount of carbon susceptible to loss appeared to be related mainly to the total concentration of carbonyl and aromatic carbons and partly to the concentration of O\u2010alkyl carbons in the fulvic, humic, and XAD\u20104 acids. The carbon losses for Nordic fulvic, Nordic Humic, Suwannee fulvic, and Suwannee XAD\u20104 acids were estimated to be 75, 63, 56, and 17%, respectively. More detailed analyses of the effects of irradiation on the carbonyl functionality in Nordic humic acid and Laurentian soil fulvic acid through reaction with hydroxylamine in conjunction with <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed preferential photodegradation of the quinone\/hydroquinone functionality over ketone groups and the loss of ester groups in Laurentian fulvic acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2009.0408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T09:25:19Z","timestamp":1279617919000},"page":"1416-1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Order of Functionality Loss during Photodegradation of Aquatic Humic Substances"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Thorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, MS 408 Denver CO 80225\u20100046"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Younger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, MS 408 Denver CO 80225\u20100046"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry G.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, MS 408 Denver CO 80225\u20100046"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6380(92)90119-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(94)90072-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7778","DOI":"10.1021\/es800399a","article-title":"Evaluation of functional groups responsible for chloroform formation during water chlorination using compound specific isotope analysis","volume":"42","author":"Arnold W.A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. 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