{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1777471334915,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wyoming Water Development Commission"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Management of saline\u2013sodic water from the coalbed natural gas (CBNG) industry in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana is a major environmental challenge. Clinoptilolite zeolites mined in Nevada, California, and New Mexico were evaluated for their potential to remove sodium (Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) from CBNG waters. Based on the exchangeable cation composition, naturally occurring calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>)\u2010rich zeolites from New Mexico were selected for further evaluation. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010rich natural clinoptilolites to remove Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> from saline\u2013sodic CBNG waters. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite ranged from 4.3 (4 \u00d7 6 mesh) to 7.98 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (14 \u00d7 40 mesh). Among the different adsorption isotherms investigated, the Freundlich Model fitted the data best for smaller\u2010sized (6 \u00d7 8, 6 \u00d7 14, and 14 \u00d7 40 mesh) zeolites. Passing the CBNG water through Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010rich zeolite columns reduced the salt content (electrical conductivity [EC]) by 72% with a concurrent reduction in sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 34 (typical level in northwestern PRB) to 10 mmol<jats:sup>1\/2<\/jats:sup> L<jats:sup>\u22121\/2<\/jats:sup> Zeolite technology appears to be an effective water treatment alternative to industrial membrane treatment for removing Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> from poor\u2010quality CBNG waters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2010.0219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T12:32:01Z","timestamp":1293539521000},"page":"57-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Improving Saline\u2013Sodic Coalbed Natural Gas Water Quality Using Natural Zeolites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Girisha K.","family":"Ganjegunte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Soil and Crop Sci., Texas Agrilife Res. and Extension Center Texas A&amp;M Univ. 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