{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T02:57:33Z","timestamp":1787194653128,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Treating poultry litter with alum has been shown to lower ammonia (NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) emissions and phosphorus (P) runoff losses. Two long\u2010term studies were conducted to assess the effects of alum\u2010treated poultry litter on P availability, leaching, and runoff under pasture conditions. From 1995 to 2015, litter was applied annually in a paired watershed study comparing alum\u2010treated and untreated litter and in a small plot study comparing 13 treatments (an unfertilized control, four rates of alum\u2010treated litter, four rates of untreated litter, and four rates of NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>). In the paired watershed study, total P loads in runoff were 231% higher from pasture receiving untreated litter (1.96 kg P ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) than from that receiving alum\u2010treated litter (0.85 kg P ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). In both studies, alum\u2010treated litter resulted in significantly higher Mehlich III P (M3\u2010P) and lower water\u2010extractable P at the soil surface, reflecting greater retention of applied P and lesser availability of that P to runoff or leaching. In soils fertilized with alum\u2010treated litter, M3\u2010P was much higher when analyzed by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry than by colorimetry, possibly due to the formation of aluminum phytate. Indeed, alum\u2010treated poultry litter leached less P over the 20\u2010yr study: M3\u2010P at 10 to 50 cm was 266% greater in plots fertilized with untreated litter (331 kg M3\u2010P ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) than with alum\u2010treated litter (124 kg M3\u2010P ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). This research provides compelling evidence that treating poultry litter with alum provides short\u2010term and long\u2010term benefits to P conservation and water quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Two 20\u2010yr studies were conducted on the effects of treating poultry litter with alum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Phosphorus runoff from paired watersheds was 231% higher with normal litter than alum\u2010treated litter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Surface soil samples had significantly higher M3\u2010P levels when fertilized with alum\u2010treated litter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mehlich 3 results indicate alum additions to poultry litter reduce organic P leaching.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Phosphorus leaching from plots fertilized with normal litter was 266% greater than with alum\u2010treated litter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2015.09.0482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T12:56:17Z","timestamp":1463144177000},"page":"1413-1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Reducing Phosphorus Runoff and Leaching from Poultry Litter with Alum: Twenty\u2010Year Small Plot and Paired\u2010Watershed Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Lidong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing Univ. of Information Science &amp; Technology Nanjing 210044 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Philip A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2013ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Plant Science 115 Univ. of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J. A.","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit University Park PA 16802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Elkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit University Park PA 16802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Savin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crops, Soils and Environmental Sciences Dep. Univ. of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Pote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Small Farms Research Unit Booneville AR 72927"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwayne R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Univ. of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.04.0165"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2013.12.0495","article-title":"Factors affecting arsenic and copper runoff from fields fertilized with poultry litter","volume":"43","author":"De Laune P.B.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.2183","article-title":"Development of a phosphorus index for pastures fertilized with poultry litter: Factors affecting phosphorus runoff","volume":"33","author":"De Laune P.B.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1993.00472425002200020017x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.09.0404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es034755s"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.7350"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2010.0161"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.04.0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00100-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00103628409367568"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.8.3242-3245.1997","article-title":"Phosphorus and bacterial growth in drinking water","volume":"63","author":"Miettinen I.T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Environmental chemistry of animal manure.","author":"Moore P.A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","unstructured":"Moore P.A.Jr.2016a.Compositions and methods of treating animal manure. US Patent9 301 440. Date issued: 5 April."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","article-title":"Development of a new manure amendment for reducing ammonia volatilization and phosphorus runoff from poultry litter","author":"Moore P.A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1995.00472425002400020012x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0750315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.5.692"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900010006x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0472"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1994.00472425002300020016x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1998.00472425002700010014x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)88444-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1997.00472425002600040011x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","volume-title":"Environmental indicators for agriculture, Vol. 3","author":"OECD","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1996.03615995006000030025x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1999.00472425002800010020x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT 13.2 user's guide","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.195.4275.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0285"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","series-title":"Southern Cooperative Series Bull. 396","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Methods of phosphorus analysis for soils, sediments, residuals, and waters.","author":"Self\u2010Davis M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60807-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1992.00472425002100010003x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1995.00472425002400010015x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629609369719"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900010012x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1998.00472425002700020006x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2002.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.04.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","unstructured":"USEPA.1996.Method 6010B. Inductively coupled plasma\u2010atomic emission spectrometry.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/production\/files\/documents\/6010b.pdf(accessed 18 Feb. 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0572"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","volume-title":"Protocol for phosphate saturated soils","author":"Zee S.E.A.T.M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0239"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.5838","article-title":"Bedding for broiler chickens: Two alternative systems","volume":"15","author":"Worley J.W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.5221","article-title":"Reduced levels of alum to amend broiler litter","volume":"16","author":"Worley J.W.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es500996p"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.04.0188"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2134%2Fjeq2015.09.0482","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2134\/jeq2015.09.0482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T18:02:30Z","timestamp":1760637750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2134\/jeq2015.09.0482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2134\/jeq2015.09.0482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/jeq2015.09.0482","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}