{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:26:26Z","timestamp":1787887586493,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Carbon (C) losses from agricultural soils to surface waters can migrate through water treatment plants and result in the formation of disinfection by\u2010products, which are potentially harmful to human health. This study aimed to quantify total organic carbon (TOC) and total inorganic C losses in runoff after application of dairy slurry, pig slurry, or milk house wash water (MWW) to land and to mitigate these losses through coamendment of the slurries with zeolite (2.36\u20133.35 mm clinoptilolite) and liquid polyaluminum chloride (PAC) (10% Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) for dairy and pig slurries or liquid aluminum sulfate (alum) (8% Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) for MWW. Four treatments under repeated 30\u2010min simulated rainfall events (9.6 mm h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were examined in a laboratory study using grassed soil runoff boxes (0.225 m wide, 1 m long; 10% slope): control soil, unamended slurries, PAC\u2010amended dairy and pig slurries (13.3 and 11.7 kg t<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively), alum\u2010amended MWW (3.2 kg t<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), combined zeolite and PAC\u2010amended dairy (160 and 13.3 kg t<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> zeolite and PAC, respectively) and pig slurries (158 and 11.7 kg t<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> zeolite and PAC, respectively), and combined zeolite and alum\u2010amended MWW (72 and 3.2 kg t<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> zeolite and alum, respectively). The unamended and amended slurries were applied at net rates of 31, 34, and 50 t ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for pig and dairy slurries and MWW, respectively. Significant reductions of TOC in runoff compared with unamended slurries were measured for PAC\u2010amended dairy and pig slurries (52 and 56%, respectively) but not for alum\u2010amended MWW. Dual zeolite and alum\u2010amended MWW significantly reduced TOC in runoff compared with alum amendment only. We conclude that use of PAC\u2010amended dairy and pig slurries and dual zeolite and alum\u2010amended MWW, although effective, may not be economically viable to reduce TOC losses from organic slurries given the relatively low amounts of TOC measured in runoff from unamended slurries compared with the amounts applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Slurry application to land may increase carbon concentration in surface runoff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>PAC, alum, and zeolite were used to mitigate carbon losses in surface runoff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Dual application of zeolite and chemical amendments reduced TOC losses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Use of amendments may not be economically viable to reduce TOC losses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2016.05.0175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T13:44:44Z","timestamp":1476366284000},"page":"1941-1948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Zeolite Combined with Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride Mixed with Agricultural Slurries Reduces Carbon Losses in Runoff from Grassed Soil Boxes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"J. 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