{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:48:48Z","timestamp":1761490128725,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007286","name":"California Rice Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011080","name":"Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011080","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulative pollutant produced in and exported from flooded soils, including those used for rice (<jats:italic>Oriza sativa<\/jats:italic> L.) production. Using unfiltered aqueous MeHg data from MeHg monitoring programs in the Sacramento River watershed from 1996 to 2007, we assessed the MeHg contribution from rice systems to the Sacramento River. Using a mixed\u2010effects regression analysis, we compared MeHg concentrations in agricultural drainage water from rice\u2010dominated regions (AgDrain) to MeHg concentrations in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, both upstream and downstream of AgDrain inputs. We also calculated MeHg loads from AgDrains and the Sacramento and Feather Rivers. Seasonally, MeHg concentrations were higher during November through May than during June through October, but the differences varied by location. Relative to upstream, November through May AgDrain least\u2010squares mean MeHg concentration (0.18 ng L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, range 0.15\u20130.23 ng L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was 2.3\u2010fold higher, while June through October AgDrain mean concentration (0.097 ng L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, range 0.6\u20131.6 ng L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was not significantly different from upstream. June through October AgDrain MeHg loads contributed 10.7 to 14.8% of the total Sacramento River MeHg load. Missing flow data prevented calculation of the percent contribution of AgDrains in November through May. At sites where calculation was possible, November through May loads made up 70 to 90% of the total annual load. Elevated flow and MeHg concentration in November through May both contribute to the majority of the AgDrain MeHg load occurring during this period. Methylmercury reduction efforts should target elevated November through May MeHg concentrations in AgDrains. However, our findings suggest that the contribution and environmental impact of rice is an order of magnitude lower than previous studies in the California Yolo Bypass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We studied the impact of rice production on MeHg at the watershed scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>MeHg concentration was elevated in agricultural drainage water during November through May.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Watershed\u2010scale MeHg loads were lower than expected based on field studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2016.07.0262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T14:50:15Z","timestamp":1479912615000},"page":"133-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Contribution of Rice Agriculture to Methylmercury in Surface Waters: A Review of Data from the Sacramento Valley, California"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"K. 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