{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:50:31Z","timestamp":1783360231856,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Zealand (NZ) Government"},{"name":"LEARN- Global Research Alliance Awards Programme"},{"name":"Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) contamination in biogas produced from animal wastes limits its use to cooking and precludes it from being used for heating, lighting, or electricity generation. This limitation results in the release to the atmosphere of between 3 and 51% of total biogas produced. Biogas contains 50 to 70% methane (CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to develop a cost\u2010effective H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S filtering system using local materials rich in iron as iron oxide (Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), which reacts readily with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and forms adsorbed iron sulfide (Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) when gas is passed through it. Here we tested the performance of seven New Zealand soils and sand, each at five different gas flow rates (59, 74, 94, 129, and 189 mL min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). We found that three materials (allophanic soil, brown soil, and black sand) had stable H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S removal efficiencies close to 100% at all gas flow rates, followed by typic sand (89\u201399%), raw sand (76\u201399%), acidic sand (48\u201389%), and podzol soil (58\u201387%). These results show that inexpensive and simple filters to remove H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S from biogas can be made using local soils. Used soil in the filters can then be easily regenerated by exposure to the atmosphere and reused to achieve sustained H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S removal efficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Allophanic soil, brown soil, and black sand almost completely removed H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S at a range of flow rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Typic sand, raw sand, acidic sand, and podzol soil removed some H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Inexpensive filters using local iron\u2010rich soils can remove H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S from biogas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Used soil in the filters can be easily regenerated by exposure to the atmosphere and reused.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2018.07.0271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T17:31:12Z","timestamp":1545931872000},"page":"32-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Removing Hydrogen Sulfide Contamination in Biogas Produced from Animal Wastes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Cuong H","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development National Institute of Animal Sciences Hanoi 10000 Vietnam"},{"name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research Private Bag 11052 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surinder","family":"Saggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research Private Bag 11052 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Berben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research Private Bag 11052 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilak","family":"Palmada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research Private Bag 11052 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research Private Bag 11052 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Iron sponge: Still a top option for sour gas sweetening","volume":"83","author":"Anerousis J.P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oil Gas J."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Methods for chemical analysis of soils. 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