{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:37:52Z","timestamp":1784205472946,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Crop Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The introduction of light\u2010weight rollers has contributed to the reconsideration of the practice of rolling golf putting greens. Studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to determine the effects of rolling on soil bulk density, putting green speed, turf quality, root mass, and thatch mass. Experimental \u2018Penncross\u2019 creeping bentgrass (<jats:italic>Agrostis stolonifera<\/jats:italic> L.) putting greens built on a United States Golf Association (USGA) specification root zone and on a Cecil gravelly sandy loam (Typic Hapludult clayey, kaolinitic, thermic) (native soil) root zone were mowed daily and subjected to four rates of rolling (0, 1, 4, or 7 times per week) with a light\u2010weight roller for a 10\u2010wk period. Soil bulk density did not change for any rolling frequency on the USGA green. Rolling rates of four and seven times per week increased bulk density on the native soil green by 4 and 3% in the first year while no changes were detected in the second year. Turf quality was diminished for rolling rates of four and seven times per week. Ball roll increased as the rate of rolling increased. Rolling rate did not alter root mass. Thatch levels were not affected by rolling frequency on the USGA green. On the native soil green, four and seven rolling treatments per week resulted in thatch levels 12 and 11% higher than the control. Rolling once per week appears to offer increased green speed without any deleterious turf effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,29]],"date-time":"2010-07-29T16:21:57Z","timestamp":1280420517000},"page":"1179-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Impact of Light\u2010Weight Rolling on Putting Green Performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Hartwiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Golf Association  Birmingham AL 35244"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Crop Science North Carolina State Univ.  Raleigh NC 27695"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"DiPaola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Crop Protection  Greensboro NC 27409"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Keith","family":"Cassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Soil Science North Carolina State Univ.  Raleigh NC 27695"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","volume-title":"Turf management for golf courses","author":"Beard J.B.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Turf rolling","author":"Beard J.B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1991.00021962008300020032x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Turfgrass. Agron. 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Proceedings of the 1994 WorldScientific Congress of Golf","author":"Hamilton G.W.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Rationale for the revisions of the USGA green construction specifications","volume":"21","author":"Hummel N.W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"USGA Green Section Record. March\u2013April,"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Practices affecting putting green speed","author":"Langlois S.R.","year":"1985"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Rolling putting greens","volume":"60","author":"Nus J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Golf Course Manage."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Management factors affecting putting green speed","author":"Throssel C.S.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Stimpmeter instruction booklet","author":"United States Golf Association","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["Crop Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2135%2Fcropsci2001.4141179x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T04:56:59Z","timestamp":1760417819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2135\/cropsci2001.4141179x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-183X","1435-0653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-0653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}