{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:32:54Z","timestamp":1778815974877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This chapter tells the story of Portland cement, from its invention in the 19th century until its present-day hegemony as the number one manufactured mineral product. The success story of Portland cement is rooted in the unique combination of the abundance of its raw materials, the reactivity of the high-temperature clinker product toward water, and the properties of the calcium silicate and aluminate hydration products. Further development of Portland cements today mainly addresses the formidable challenge of reducing process CO2 emissions. Options include partial replacement of clinker by low-carbon resources, material-efficient use of cement and concrete products, and end-of-pipe carbon capture and storage or use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2138\/gselements.18.5.308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T09:08:41Z","timestamp":1675415321000},"page":"308-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Rise of Portland Cements"],"prefix":"10.2138","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Scrivener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL, MXG, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Snellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VITO, Boeretang 240, 2400 Mol, Belgium"},{"name":"KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10602","reference":[{"key":"2023020309043079100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.13156","article-title":"The effect of magnesium and zinc ions on the hydration kinetics of C3S","volume":"97","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2005.00116.x","article-title":"The crystal structure of tobermorite 14 \u00c5 (plombierite), a C-S-H phase","volume":"88","author":"Bonaccorsi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B3","first-page":"225","article-title":"Portland cement: composition, production and properties","author":"Bye","year":"1999"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.11.014","article-title":"Hydration mechanisms of ternary Portland cements containing limestone powder and fly ash","volume":"41","author":"De Weerdt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.11.017","article-title":"Iron in carbonate containing AFm phases","volume":"41","author":"Dilnesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2138\/gselements.18.5.301","article-title":"Historic concrete science: opus caementicium to \u201cnatural cements\u201d","volume":"18","author":"Elsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elements"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4635-0_10","article-title":"Hydraulicity in historic lime mortars: a review","volume-title":"Historic Mortars","author":"Elsen","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.01.021","article-title":"Industrially interesting approaches to \u201clow-CO2\u201d cements","volume":"34","author":"Gartner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.03.006","article-title":"A physicochemical basis for novel cementitious binders","volume":"41","author":"Gartner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"key":"2023020309043079100_B10","first-page":"332","article-title":"Advances in cement clinkering. 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