{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:30:37Z","timestamp":1786555837889,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":4,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>We argue here that the four ways of being we identify as constituting the foundation for being a leader and the effective exercise of leadership can also be seen as the foundations not only for great leadership, but also for a high quality personal life and an extraordinary organization. One can see this as a \u201cvalue free\u201d approach to values because, 1) integrity as we define it (being whole and complete) is a purely positive phenomenon, 2) authenticity is also a purely positive phenomenon (being and acting consistent with who you hold yourself out to be for others and who you hold yourself to be for yourself), 3) being committed to something bigger than oneself is also a purely positive phenomenon (that says nothing about what that commitment should be other than it be bigger than oneself), and 4) being cause in the matter as a declaration of the stand you take for yourself regarding everything in your life is also a purely positive phenomenon. \n\nWe apply these principles to the Goldman Sachs\u2019 experience with its Abacus Mortgage Backed Securities Scandal in which Goldman violated 7 of their 13 Goldman Business Principles. In addition, Goldman paid a $550 million fine to the SEC, a record at that time.\n\nBackground: This address is based on our leadership research program (conducted with Steve Zaffron and Kari Granger over the last ten years). That research is designed to discover what it actually takes to create leaders \u2013 that is, to leave participants at the end of the course being leaders and effectively exercising leadership as their natural self expression. \n\nAccess to the full 1045 pages of the slide-deck textbook and other material used in the Leadership Course at entrepreneurship@UBC, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, CA in June, 2013, is available at: &lt;a href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1263835\"&gt;http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1263835&lt;\/a&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2207782","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T11:02:22Z","timestamp":1359543742000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Four Ways of Being that Create the Foundations of A Great Personal Life, Great Leadership and A Great Organization -- PDF File of Powerpoint Slides"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2046-4999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Werner","family":"Erhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Jensen (Deceased)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"Bill George","year":"2003","journal-title":"Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Exchange Securities","journal-title":"Goldman Sachs to Pay Record $550 Million to Settle SEC Charges Related to Subprime Mortgage CDO: Firm Acknowledges CDO Marketing Materials Were Incomplete and Should Have","DOI":"10.1163\/2210-7975_hrd-9822-0022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Yuichi ; Shoda","DOI":"10.1007\/springerreference_308065"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.26.6.978","article-title":"Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies from Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions","volume":"26","author":"Philip K Peake","year":"1990","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T16:34:34Z","timestamp":1786552474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=2207782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":4,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2207782","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}