{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:12:56Z","timestamp":1786547576958,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":12,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper we argue that the four ways of being that we identify as constituting the foundation for being a leader and the effective exercise of leadership are not only the foundation for great leadership, but also the foundation for an extraordinary organization and the foundation of a high quality personal life. One can also see this as a \u201cvalue free\u201d approach to values (values: \u201cwhat ought to be,\u201d as contrasted with \u201cjust the way things are\u201d).  This foundation is \u201cvalue free\u201d because each of the four elements of the foundation is a purely positive phenomenon (positive: just the way things are) that has no inherent normative content (nothing about what ought to be). &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Each of the following is a positive phenomenon in that once formed each is nothing more and nothing less than the way things are.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;1. Authenticity: Being and acting consistent with who you hold yourself out to be for others, and who you hold yourself to be for yourself.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;2. Being cause in the matter: A declaration that is the personal stand you take on your relation to everything in your life (note that this is a declaration, not an assertion of fact).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;3. Being committed to something bigger than oneself: Being committed to something bigger than your personal concerns for yourself (says nothing about what that commitment ought to be). And finally&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Being a person, or organization of Integrity: Your word to yourself and your word to others is whole and complete.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2325077","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]],"date-time":"2013-10-16T11:02:28Z","timestamp":1381921348000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Four Ways of Being that Create the Foundation for Great Leadership, a Great Organization, and a Great Personal Life"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2046-4999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Werner","family":"Erhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Jensen (Deceased)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Jury finds Tourre Defrauded Investors","author":"Tracy Alloway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Financial Times"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"99","article-title":"Teaching Smart People How to Learn","author":"Chris Argyris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"ref3","author":"Bill George","year":"2003","journal-title":"Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value"},{"key":"ref4","author":"Werner Erhard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Four Ways of Being that Create the Foundations of A Great Personal Life, Great Leadership and A Great Organization --PDF File of Powerpoint Slides"},{"key":"ref5","author":"Werner Erhard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Integrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics and Legality"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The Methodology of Positive Economics","author":"Milton Friedman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Essays in Positive Economics"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"34","volume":"46","author":"John Keynes","year":"1891","journal-title":"The Scope and Method of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref8","author":"Karl Popper","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery Routledge Classics"},{"key":"ref9","author":"George Shaw"},{"key":"ref10","author":"George Shaw","year":"1907","journal-title":"Speech at Municipal Technical College and School of Art"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.26.6.978","article-title":"Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies from Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions","volume":"26","author":"Yuichi ; Shoda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref12","author":"Webster's","journal-title":"New World Dictionary & Thesaurus, Accent Software International, Macmillan Publishers, Version 2.0 -1998"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:14:32Z","timestamp":1786544072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=2325077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2325077","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}