{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:29:46Z","timestamp":1786523386173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"This document (compiled by Erhard, Jensen and Echeverria) includes the first, second and third of eight course reading assignments for a leadership course (\u201cBeing A Leader and The Effective Exercise Of Leadership: An Ontological \/ Phenomenological Model\u201d) developed by Erhard, Jensen, Zaffron, Echeverria (2013-present) and Granger (2008-2015). \n<br>\n<br>\nThe course material is based on our work since 2004 in developing a course of the same title beginning at the University of Rochester Simon School of Business, USA from 2004 \u2013 2008. The course was taught in the curriculum at the US Air Force Academy from 2008 to 2011 and in 2014 and 2015 (a version of the course was taught in 2012 and 2013); at Erasmus Academie Rotterdam, Netherlands in June 2009 (a version of which was taught at the Erasmus University Law School from 2009 and 2010),at Texas A&amp;M University Mays School of Business, USA in June 2010, in India under the auspices of the IC Centre for Governance and MW Corporation in November 2010, at Dartmouth College School of Medicine, USA in June 2012, at the University of British Columbia\u2019s entrepreneurship@UBC, Canada in June 2013, at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore in July 2014, at the Zayed University Convention Center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in January 2015, at Clemson University College of Business, USA in June 2016, in Abu Dhabi, UAE in October 2016, at University of California, Los Angeles, USA in July 2018, July 2019, August\/September 2021, August 2022 and 2023, and in June\/July 2024 . Courses offered for the benefit of the Erhard-Jensen Ontological \/ Phenomenological Initiative include: Whistler, B.C. Canada in October 2012, Cancun, Mexico in October 2013 and 2015, in Bermuda in November 2014, in Cancun, Mexico in October 2017, in Cancun Mexico in October 2018 and October 2019. \n<br>\n<br>\nSince 2010 (in that year under the sponsorship of the Kauffman Foundation, the Gruter Institute, and the United States Air Force Academy) we have trained a total of 134 scholars to effectively deliver the course. These 150 scholars (all of whom had previously taken the course) are from various academic institutions from North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia, the West Indies, the Middle East, and Russia. 44 of these scholars are currently offering the course in their universities or colleges. We have also taught the course to a group of over 200 management consultants from more than 60 firms who now offer the course or material from the course to their clients, which clients include almost all the top Fortune 50 companies.\n<br>\n<br>\nThe intention of the course is to leave participants actually being leaders and exercising leadership effectively as their natural self-expression and for the course to contribute to the development of the science of leadership. The course is founded on an ontological\/phenomenological model of human nature.\n<br>\n<br>\nWhat follows are instructions to access the six pdf files that contain the Course Readings and Assignments for our most recent leadership course \"Being A Leader and The Effective Exercise Of Leadership: An Ontological\/Phenomenological Model\".\n<br>\n<br>\nThe promise of the course is to leave participants actually being leaders and exercising leadership effectively as their natural self expression, and for the course to contribute to creating a new science of leadership.\n<br>\n<br>\nReading 1: Primarily contains quotes selected (with permission) from Warren Bennis &amp; Robert Thomas, \u201cCrucibles of Leadership\u201d (2002).\n<br>\nReading 2: Is \u201cEducation as Stretching the Mind\u201d by Jamshed Bharucha (2008).\n<br>\nReading 3: Is the \"Course Leadership Project Assignment Part I\".\n<br>\nReadings 1,2 and 3 are at this url: <a href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2416455\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2416455<\/a>.\n<br>\n<br>\nReading 4: \u201cIntegrity: Without It Nothing Works\u201d (an interview that serves as an introductory summary of our new model of integrity) <a href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1511274\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1511274<\/a>.\n<br>\n<br>\nReading 5: \u201cIntegrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics and Legality - Abridged\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1542759\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1542759<\/a>.\n<br>\n<br>\nReadings 6 and 7: Introductory Reading and \u201cCourse Leadership Project\u201d Part II For\n<br>\nBeing a Leader and The Effective Exercise of Leadership: An Ontological \/ Phenomenological Model<a href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1585976\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1585976<\/a>.\n<br>\n<br>\nReading 8: Promises, Conditions and Rules of the Game for \u201cBeing a Leader and The Effective Exercise of Leadership: An Ontological \/ Phenomenological Model\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3101480\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3101480<\/a>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2416455","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1400671112000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The First and Second and Third of Eight Course Readings, 'Being a Leader and the Effective Exercise of Leadership: An Ontological\/Phenomenological Model'"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2046-4999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Werner","family":"Erhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Jensen (Deceased)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeronima","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.im.4340301","article-title":"This time it is personal: Employee online shopping at work","volume":"6","author":"Susan M Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"An electronic version is"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation","author":"Answers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Answers.com. Encyclopedia of Company Histories, Answers Corporation.Accessed"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-7506-7223-8.50015-0","article-title":"Teaching Smart People How to Learn","author":"Chris Argyris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"ref4","author":"Chris Argyris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Knowledge for Action: A Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Organizational Change"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stewart vows after sentencing: Celebrity homemaker's ex-broker also gets 5-month sentence. CNNMoney.Accessed"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"CEO to Leave Under Pressure at UnitedHealth","author":"James Bandler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"A Wal-Mart Legend's Trail of Deceit","author":"James Bandler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Times Reporter Who Resigned Leaves Long Trail of Deception","author":"Dan Barry","year":"2003","journal-title":"NYTimes.com"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299005400105","article-title":"The Service Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents","author":"Mary Bitner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Ex-HP Board chair pleads not guilty in leak case: Dunn charged with felony counts of deception","author":"Pete Carey","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Mercury News"},{"key":"ref11","author":"Chron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jury Hears Ex-Enron CEO Curse in Wall Street Call. Houston Chronicle.Accessed"},{"key":"ref12","journal-title":"Fundamental and Essential Nature and Function of Being for Human Beings\" in Contrast to One's \"Way of Being\""},{"key":"ref13","journal-title":"What Is the Importance for Leader and Leadership of Being as the"},{"key":"ref14","journal-title":"What is Meant by \"Ontological Constraint\""},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Model of Reality)","journal-title":"Worldview"},{"key":"ref16","journal-title":"Frame of Reference\" (Mindset)"},{"key":"ref17","journal-title":"What Is Meant by \"Perceptual Constraint\""},{"key":"ref18","journal-title":"Action Is a Correlate of the Occurring\""},{"key":"ref19","author":"A What","journal-title":"Is This Course About?"},{"key":"ref20","author":"B","journal-title":"Few Notes About the Way Your Instructors Work"},{"key":"ref21","author":"C What","journal-title":"Kind of Course Is this?"},{"key":"ref22","author":"D What","journal-title":"Is the Learning\/Teaching Method Utilized in Realizing What Is Promised from My Participation in this Course?"},{"key":"ref23","author":"E What","journal-title":"Is Being in this Course Going to Be Like for Me?"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"F. The Bad News -Crucible Events","DOI":"10.1021\/cen-v053n051.p005"},{"key":"ref25","author":"G The","journal-title":"Good News -An Effective Replacement for Crucible Events"},{"key":"ref26","author":"H","journal-title":"Distinguishing the Ontological Model from the Psychological Model"},{"key":"ref27","author":"I","journal-title":"What I Have to Be Willing to Deal with to Realize the Promise of this Course"},{"key":"ref28","author":"J Leaders","journal-title":"Are Those Who Make Leaders of Themselves"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"64 4. Breaking Through the Constraints and Shaping Imposed by Your Prevailing Worldview and Frames of Reference","author":"K ; : . . More","journal-title":"About the Importance and Consequences of Worldview (Model of Reality), and Frame of Reference (Mindset)"},{"key":"ref30","author":"L","journal-title":"Quick Summary of Being Effective in Dealing with What Is at First Counter-Intuitive for You, and Thus Violates Your Common Sense"},{"key":"ref31","journal-title":"Course Leadership Project\" Assignment, Part II of II"},{"key":"ref32","author":"I Your","journal-title":"Course Leadership Project\" Assignment, Part II of II"},{"key":"ref33","author":". . . References"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comments Welcome First Draft"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"COURSE LEADERSHIP PROJECT\" ASSIGNMENT, PART II OF II your Leadership Project? By \"set of conditions\" we mean the objective circumstances that make up a situation","author":"Part","journal-title":"Course Leadership Project\" Assignment"},{"key":"ref36","journal-title":"What is your current frame of reference (mindset) relative to that set of conditions (the current facts of the matter)? (What is the context or lens through which you view that set of conditions?) In answering this question and the next, you may want to re-read Sections I.J.5 and"},{"key":"ref37","journal-title":"For each of the relevant parties, what might be each of their current frames of reference relative to the set of conditions (the current facts of the matter) that you see in relation to your Course Leadership Project?"},{"key":"ref38","journal-title":"Please make note of anything else that you noticed regarding your Course Leadership Project after reading the preceding six Pre-Classroom Reading Assignments"},{"key":"ref39","author":"Warren Bennis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geeks and Geezers: How Era, Values, And Defining Moments Shape Leaders"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Introduction to the Special Issue","author":"Warren Bennis","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Challenges of Leadership in the Modern World"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021612","article-title":"Tracking the Unconscious Generation of Free Decisions Using Ultra-High Field fMRI","volume":"6","author":"Stefan Bode","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref42","author":"Max Born","year":"1916","journal-title":"The Born-Einstein Letters"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Online version","author":"David Brooks","year":"2011","journal-title":"The New Humanism\". New York Times"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.017","article-title":"The Evolution of Distributed Association Networks in the Human Brain","volume":"17","author":"Randy L Buckner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1701_7","author":"W J Clancey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Situated Action: A Neurophysiological Response to Vera and Simon"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1701_7","volume":"17","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Four Decades After Milgram, We're Still Willing to Inflict Pain","author":"Adam Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/603265","author":"Encarta Dictionary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microsoft\ufffd Encarta\ufffd Reference Library. Microsoft Corporation"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1437027","author":"Werner Erhard","year":"2010","journal-title":"A New Paradigm of Individual, Group, and Organizational Performance"},{"key":"ref50","volume":"16","author":"Erhard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Creating Leaders: An Ontological\/Phenomenological Model\". The Handbook For Teaching Leadership"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","journal-title":"Harvard Business School NOM Unit Working Paper","DOI":"10.24148\/wp2007-29"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","journal-title":"Barbados Group Working Paper","DOI":"10.1145\/1971681"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Simon School Working Paper Series","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1352096"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.920625","article-title":"Integrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality","author":"Erhard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethics and Legality"},{"key":"ref55","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought"},{"key":"ref56","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comments Welcome 83 First Draft"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Annals of Medicine: The Itch --Its mysterious power may be a clue to a new theory about brains and bodies","author":"Atul Gawande","year":"2008","journal-title":"The New Yorker"},{"key":"ref58","author":"W Gallwey","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Inner Game of Tennis: The Classic Guide to the Mental Side of Peak Performance"},{"key":"ref59","author":"Bill George","year":"2003","journal-title":"Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value"},{"key":"ref60","author":"Louisa Gilder","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Age of Entanglement"},{"key":"ref61","author":"Daniel Goleman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, 10th Anniversary Edition"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7174.1693","article-title":"Brainy Mind","volume":"317","author":"Richard Gregory","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2497","article-title":"Human Volition: Towards a Neuroscience of Will","volume":"9","author":"Patrick Haggard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews: Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref64","author":"Jeff Hawkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"On Intelligence: Henry Holt and Company"},{"key":"ref65","author":"Martin Heidegger","year":"1927","journal-title":"Being and Time: A Translation of Sein Und Zeit"},{"key":"ref66","author":"Walter Isaacson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Einstein: His Life and Universe"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10456","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10456","article-title":"Linguistic Threat Activates the Human Amygdala","volume":"96","author":"N Isenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. USA"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"The Acting Brain\". Charlie Rose Brain Series","author":"Eric Kandel","year":"2009","journal-title":"First broadcast December 22 by Bloomberg"},{"key":"ref69","author":"Joseph Ledoux","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160028","article-title":"Unsupervised Natural Experience Rapidly Alters Invariant Object Representation in Visual Cortex","volume":"321","author":"Nuo Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science, V"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/s0361-9230(99)00143-4","article-title":"How Does Conscious Experience Arise? The Neural Time Factor","volume":"50","author":"Benjamin Libet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0355-1","author":"Benjamin Libet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurophysiology of Consciousness: Selected Papers and New Essays"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1","author":"Jack & Mezirow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Learning As Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progress"},{"key":"ref74","author":"Alva Noe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Action in Perception"},{"key":"ref75","author":"Tom Peters","year":"1988","journal-title":"In Search Of Excellence, Lessons from America's Best Run Companies"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2810904","article-title":"Feynman's office: The last blackboards (image","volume":"42","author":"Robert Paz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physics Today"},{"key":"ref77","author":"William T Powers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seeing Is Behaving Living Control Systems III: The Fact of Control"},{"key":"ref78","author":"Joseph C Rost","year":"1993","journal-title":"Leadership for the Twenty-First Century"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07121","article-title":"Testing the speed of spooky action at a distance","volume":"454","author":"Daniel Salart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"291","author":"A Sillito","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chemical Soup: Where and How Drugs May Influence Visual Perception\". The Artful Eye"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Phenomenology","author":"David Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accessed 06","DOI":"10.1108\/rr-06-2015-0155"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2112","article-title":"Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain","volume":"11","author":"Chun Soon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/choice.45-3253","author":"Henry P Stapp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer"},{"key":"ref85","author":"James Trefil","year":"2008","journal-title":"A book review of The Age of Entanglement"},{"key":"ref86","journal-title":"Webster's New World Dictionary & Thesaurus (Version 2). 1998. Accent Software International"},{"key":"ref87","volume":"19","author":"Daniel Wolpert","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Real Reason for Brains"},{"key":"ref88","author":"Carl Zimmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"In the Human Brain, Size Really Isn't Everything"},{"key":"ref89","author":"December","year":"2016","journal-title":"Be a full partner in producing value for myself; not waiting to have it done to me or for me"},{"key":"ref90","journal-title":"Give my word to play by the \"rules of the game\" for this Course, which are stated in a Section below. And, I commit to honor that word (as \"honoring"},{"key":"ref91","author":"Finally","journal-title":"be willing to recognize that in my choosing to participate in this Course I have given my word to fulfill the conditions for realizing the Promises of this Course, and to play by the \"rules of the game\" of this Course. I give this word to myself, to my co-participants, and to the instructors of this Course. And, I give my word to myself that I"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"The \"specialized dialogue\" we employ is based on our ontological approach with its associated phenomenological (\"as-lived\") methodology. Employing this methodology we will be critically examining our personal integrity, inauthenticities, perceptual constraints, functional constraints, worldview (model of reality), and critically examining our frames of reference (mindsets) regarding leader, leadership","year":"2000","journal-title":"About Maturity and Courage Quoting from \"Learning As Transformation\" by Jack Mezirow & Associates"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.920625","article-title":"Integrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality","author":"Werner Erhard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harvard Business School NOM Working Paper"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","journal-title":"Barbados Group Working Paper","DOI":"10.5089\/9781451864717.001"},{"key":"ref95","journal-title":"Simon School Working Paper No. FR 08-05"},{"key":"ref96","journal-title":"Regarding your name badge: a. Pick up your name badge each morning from the tables outside of the course room. b. At all times, remember to have your name badge visible"},{"key":"ref97","journal-title":"Leave your name badge in the designated area each night before leaving for the day"},{"key":"ref98","journal-title":"You may bring bottled water to your seat, or you may bring water to your seat in whatever container is offered at the water station in the course room"},{"key":"ref99","journal-title":"Please hold any private comments between yourself and another participant until a break. If you have a comment"},{"key":"ref100","journal-title":"When you have a question or comment, or something you want to share, please raise your hand, and raise it high so that we see you as soon as possible. If we call on you, please stand up immediately and go to the nearest microphone stand. (Note that we often call on more than one person at a time to stand up"},{"key":"ref101","journal-title":"from time to time we may ask those with their hands still raised who we haven't called on (or even those standing that we have called on) if they have a question about the content of the Course, or if their hand is raised (or they are standing) because they have a comment or something they want to share. Given how much there is to cover in this Course"},{"key":"ref102","journal-title":"If you simply want something read again, just shout out"},{"key":"ref103","journal-title":"So that we include everyone in the conversation (a critical aspect of this approach), from time to time we will call on people who do not have their hand raised. When we call on you"},{"key":"ref104","journal-title":"During class sessions, refrain from doing any non-course work. (For example: reading non-course material or writing anything that isn't course related"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"Voice and\/or Video recorders, any type of camera and the like must be turned off, and not even in vibrate or airplane mode during Electronic copy","journal-title":"Cell phones, smart phones, tablets, Personal Digital Assistants, iPads"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.920625","article-title":"Integrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality","author":"Werner Erhard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harvard Business School NOM Working Paper"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","journal-title":"Barbados Group Working Paper","DOI":"10.5089\/9781451864717.001"},{"key":"ref108","year":"2016","journal-title":"Simon School Working Paper No. FR 08-05"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Learning As Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory","volume":"15","author":"Jack & Mezirow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Originated"},{"key":"ref110","volume":"9","author":"; W Copyright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Course Administrative Matters For \"Being a Leader and the Effective Exercise of Leadership: An Ontological \/ Phenomenological Model\""},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"C Getting","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4302-0006-2_10"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"D A Critical","DOI":"10.1037\/e628322013-001"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"F Our","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674181816.c11"},{"key":"ref114","author":"G Who"},{"key":"ref115","author":"H For"},{"key":"ref116","author":"I For"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"J Completing","DOI":"10.1787\/888932899415"},{"key":"ref118","author":"K To"},{"key":"ref119","author":". . References"},{"key":"ref120","author":"W Erhard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Creating Leaders: An Ontological\/Phenomenological Model, Chapter 16 from The Handbook for Teaching Leadership: Knowing, Doing, and Being"},{"key":"ref121","article-title":"Evaluierung Voice Reader","volume":"10","author":"Anwenderstudie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lehrstuhl f\ufffdr Informationswissenschaft, Universitat Regensburg. Accessed"},{"key":"ref122","author":"William C Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Presentation-Pointers.com. Accessed 21"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:47:43Z","timestamp":1786520863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=2416455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":122,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2416455","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}