{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:34:33Z","timestamp":1786444473919,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Philosophy promises more than contents of thought. It can cultivate openness to continuously arising new contents of thought. Unconsciously identifying with the contents of thought displaces this openness; the remedy for such unnoticed closed mindedness is self-knowledge. In the Socratic tradition the Landmark Forum - a forty-hour course sponsored by the employee owned Landmark Educational Corporation - provides a model of philosophy as the practical art of uncovering and expanding self-knowledge and thereby generating unforeseen ways of being in everyday life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.278955","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,3]],"date-time":"2005-11-03T14:52:18Z","timestamp":1131029538000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Promise of Philosophy and the Landmark Forum"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"Steven R.","family":"McCarl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Zaffron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"McCarl Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally Lewis","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"Robert Nozick","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Examined Life"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"167","author":"Charmides Plato","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"90","article-title":"The Weekend that Changed my life","volume":"41","year":"1997","journal-title":"The New Yorker"},{"key":"ref4","volume":"2","journal-title":"The first is the study by Yankelovich and Associates, available through Landmark Educational Corporation, 353 Sacramento St"},{"key":"ref5","author":"Charles W Dennison","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Children of Est: A Study of the Experience and Perceived Effects of a Large Group Awareness Training (The Forum)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Ibid","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt207g8bt.22"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.33.020182.002503","article-title":"Large Group Awareness Training","volume":"33","author":"Peter Finkelstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"ref8","author":"Karen Hopper Wruck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Landmark Education Corporation: Selling a Paradigm Shift"},{"key":"ref9","author":"David C Logan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transforming the Network of Conversations in BHP New Zealand Steel: Landmark Education Business Development's New Paradigm for Organizational Change"},{"key":"ref10","author":"William Warren Bartley","year":"1978","journal-title":"The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of est"},{"key":"ref11","author":"Lou Marinoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Not Prozac! Applying Philosophy to Everyday Problems"},{"key":"ref12","author":"Martin Heidegger","year":"1962","journal-title":"Being and Time"},{"key":"ref13","author":"L Peter","year":"1966","journal-title":"The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"83","article-title":"Buddhism presents a similar perspective; see Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche","year":"1999","journal-title":"As It Is"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004184640_emc_sim_000964","author":"See Georg Kuhlewind","year":"1984","journal-title":"Stages of Consciousness"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"167","author":"Iii Bartley"},{"key":"ref17","author":"James A Holstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Self We Live By"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/choice.31-4647","author":"Robert Jay Lifton","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Protean Self: Human Resilience in an Age of Fragmentation"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105960117800300120","author":"Louis A Zurcher","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Mutable Self"},{"key":"ref20","author":"Kenneth J Gergen","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/choice.33-1474","author":"Ken Wilber","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Spirit of Evolution"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Other ways to strengthen the \"I,\" or what some call \"witness\" include meditation, Yoga, and voluntary high risk adventures","author":"Richard G Mitchell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mountain Experience: The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1947","author":"Martin See For Example","journal-title":"Tales of the Hasidim"},{"key":"ref24","author":"Charles Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Ethics of Authenticity"},{"key":"ref25","journal-title":"This entails awareness of one's social identity, as well as the possibility of choosing to confirm it authentically"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"39","author":"Ibid","journal-title":"Taylor argues that in addition to being true to myself, authenticity includes horizons of significance, that what I am true to must have significance independent of my will. The discussion of authenticity in the Forum does not explicitly deal with the issue of horizons of significance"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"83","article-title":"This realization is similar to what is meant by awakening in Buddhism","year":"1999","journal-title":"See Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, As It Is"},{"key":"ref28","journal-title":"Based on our findings, it appears that readiness to learn can be developed through short interventions, such as the one evaluated in this research [the Landmark Forum]?.The course in question [Landmark Forum] produced radical and sustained change in the way individuals relate to their own development"},{"key":"ref29","author":"Anderson Walter Truett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Reality Isn't What It Used to Be"},{"key":"ref30","author":"Kenneth J Gergen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Realities and Relationships: Soundings in Social Construction"},{"key":"ref31","author":"John R Searle","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Construction of Social Reality"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511609213","author":"See John Searle","year":"1979","journal-title":"Expression and Meaning"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"534","author":"H Thomas","year":"1960","journal-title":"The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson"},{"key":"ref34","author":"Martin Heidegger","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref35","journal-title":"The course leader speaks of being willing to operate from the interpretation that I am cause in the matter. The Charter of the Landmark Education Corporation says"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"176","author":"Frank Seeburger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Addiction and Responsibility"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume":"177","author":"Ibid","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt207g8bt.22"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2707427","article-title":"Form and Content in Plato's Philosophy","volume":"8","author":"Phillip Merlan","year":"1927","journal-title":"Journal of the History of Ideas"},{"key":"ref39","author":"Maharaj Sri Nisargadatta","year":"1973","journal-title":"I am That"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:02:07Z","timestamp":1786442527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=278955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.278955","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}