{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:26:39Z","timestamp":1772148399838,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u200bNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3\u2013BaTiO3 (NBT\u2013BT) based ceramics are promising lead-free candidates for energy-related applications, although their performance is often limited by breakdown strength and thermal stability. In this work, NBT\u2013BT\/AlN ceramic composites were prepared to investigate how insulating nitride nanoparticles influence interfacial structure and functional behaviour. Structural and microstructural analysis indicates that AlN incorporation introduces grain refinement and interfacial heterogeneity without significant phase instability at moderate loading levels. These changes modify polarization dynamics and domain behaviour, leading to improved dielectric breakdown strength and enhanced recoverable energy density within an optimal composition range of 2\u20134 wt.% AlN.Nanoscale characterization reveals increased spatial heterogeneity in local electromechanical response at higher AlN content, consistent with interfacial constraint and particle-induced field redistribution. The improved breakdown tolerance enables stronger electrocaloric response, with a maximum temperature change of 1.8 K and entropy change of 3.16 J kg\u207b\u00b9 K\u207b\u00b9 near the optimal composition. Thermal conductivity estimation suggests that AlN may additionally influence heat dissipation, although the dominant contribution arises from breakdown-enabled operation at higher electric fields.These results demonstrate that AlN incorporation provides an effective route for interface engineering in NBT\u2013BT ceramics, enabling simultaneous modification of breakdown behaviour, energy-storage characteristics and electrocaloric response in lead-free oxide\u2013nitride composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.6309512","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T22:39:43Z","timestamp":1772145583000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3\u2013BaTiO3\/AlN ceramic composites: Interfacial effects on breakdown strength, energy storage and electrocaloric response"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1543-1394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pramod","family":"J P","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3713-5817","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Munendra","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6420-3304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saket","family":"Asthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8599-6983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Gousuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4465-3535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kavitha","family":"D.KAVITHA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0112-8570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Maria Tobaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9039-2199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel","family":"Almeide Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-1425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Igor","family":"Bdikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-261X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramana","family":"Venkata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Relaxor-ferroelectric thin film heterostructure with large imprint for high energy-storage performance at low operating voltage","volume":"25","author":"M D Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Stor. Mater"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2014.09.025","article-title":"Toward a multifunctional monolithic device based on pyroelectricity and the electrocaloric effect of thin antiferroelectric Hf x Zr 1-x O 2 films","volume":"12","author":"M H Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4947446","article-title":"Giant electrocaloric effect in PZT bilayer thin films by utilizing the electric field engineering","volume":"108","author":"T Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","article-title":"Electric-field-induced phase transition and electrocaloric effect in PMN-PT","volume":"96","author":"H H Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"9S","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.30.2236","article-title":"(Bi 1\/2 Na 1\/2 )TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 system for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics","volume":"30","author":"T Takenaka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref6","article-title":"Large piezoelectric effect in Pb-free ceramics","volume":"103","author":"W Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28251","article-title":"Tuning the electrocaloric enhancement near the morphotropic phase boundary in leadfree ceramics","volume":"6","author":"F Le Goupil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.06.048","article-title":"Processing mediated enhancement of ferroelectric and electrocaloric properties in Ba","volume":"3","author":"E V Ramana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.04.032","article-title":"Direct measurement of electrocaloric effect in lead-free (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 -based multilayer ceramic capacitors","volume":"39","author":"F Le Goupil","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00150199908214902","article-title":"Piezoelectric properties of some lead-free ferroelectric ceramics","volume":"230","author":"T Takenaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ferroelectrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0160302","article-title":"Electrocaloric effect in pure and NaNbO 3 -modified Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 solid solutions near the morphotropic phase boundary","volume":"134","author":"O M Eberlins","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref12","article-title":"Giant strain in lead-free piezoceramics Bi 0","volume":"91","author":"S.-T Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.10.041","article-title":"Improved depolarization temperature via the ordered alignment of defect dipoles in","volume":"40","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"key":"ref14","author":"P Jaita","journal-title":"Influence of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle doping on depolarization temperature, and electrical and energy harvesting properties of lead-free"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","volume":"6","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b12501","article-title":"Effect of phase transitions on thermal depoling in lead-free 0","volume":"121","author":"A Mahajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys-Chem. C"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2017.07.008","article-title":"Stress-induced phase transition in leadfree relaxor ferroelectric composites","volume":"136","author":"L M Riemer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Mater"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.111454","article-title":"Enhanced magnetoelectric and energy storage performance of strain-modified PVDF-Ba 0","volume":"87","author":"E V Ramana","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00043G","article-title":"Interface design for high energy density polymer nanocomposites","volume":"48","author":"H Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref20","article-title":"Interfacial coupling effect in organic\/inorganic nanocomposites with high energy density","volume":"30","author":"Z Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.07.006","article-title":"NbO 3 :ZnO relaxor ferroelectric composites with high breakdown electric field and large energy storage properties","volume":"38","author":"C.-W Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2017.12.174","article-title":"Enhanced dielectric and energy-storage properties","volume":"44","author":"Y Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ceram. Int"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1198","article-title":"BT]-xST lead-free ceramics","volume":"3","author":"W Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"High-energy storage density and efficiency of"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Multi-scale enhanced energy storage performance in Sm","author":"Y Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mater Chem A"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref25","first-page":"18859","article-title":"Enhanced energy storage properties in MgO-doped BaTiO 3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics","volume":"29","author":"G Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA10821D","article-title":"From core-shell Ba 0.4 Sr 0.6 TiO 3 @SiO 2 particles to dense ceramics with high energy storage performance by spark plasma sintering","volume":"6","author":"Y H Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mater Chem A"},{"key":"ref27","author":"W Ma"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.06.245","article-title":"Fine-grained BNT-based lead-free composite ceramics with high energystorage density","volume":"45","author":"H Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ceram. Int"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref29","first-page":"17652","article-title":"Enhanced dielectric energy storage performance of","volume":"14","author":"D You","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1557\/s43578-020-00040-1","article-title":"Effect of processing on the structures and properties of bismuth sodium titanate compounds","volume":"36","author":"A Mahajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMR"},{"key":"ref31","author":"A C Larson","year":"2004","journal-title":"General structure analysis system (GSAS)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889887087090","article-title":"Rietveld refinement of Debye-Scherrer synchrotron X-ray data from Al 2 O 3","volume":"20","author":"P Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108768100001166","article-title":"The tetragonal phase of Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -a new variant of the perovskite structure","volume":"56","author":"G O Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. B"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1021\/j100112a043","article-title":"Structures of the ferroelectric phases of barium titanate","volume":"97","author":"G H Kwei","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.220104","article-title":"Nanoscale phase quantification in lead-free (Bi 1\/2 Na 1\/2 )TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 relaxor ferroelectrics by meansof 23 Na NMR","volume":"90","author":"P B Groszewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/C4DT00956H","article-title":"Observation of magnetoelectric coupling and local piezoresponse in modified (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 -CoFe 2 O 4 lead-free composites","volume":"43","author":"E V Ramana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dalton Trans"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Enhanced magneto-electric properties and magnetodielectric effect in lead-free (1-x)","volume":"900","author":"M Pal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alloys Compd"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.03.056","article-title":"Elasticity, mechanical and thermal properties of submicron h-AlN: in-situ high pressure ultrasonic study","volume":"41","author":"Q Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116769","article-title":"Thermal expansion, T-x phase diagram and polarization of (1-x)Na 1\/2 Bi 1\/2 TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 solid solutions","volume":"44","author":"M V Gorev","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13078","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cp00796d","article-title":"Enhanced piezoelectric and mechanical properties of AlN-modified BaTiO 3 composite ceramics","volume":"16","author":"D Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"6456","author":"S \ufffdhman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Role of oxygen in vacancy-induced phase formation and crystallization of minor"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","article-title":"Influences of second phase particle precipitation, coarsening, growth or dissolution on the pinning effects during grain coarsening processes","volume":"13","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metals"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2016.08.019","article-title":"Role of second-phase particle morphology on 3D grain growth: A phase-field approach","volume":"124","author":"K Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201102758","article-title":"Lone-pairinduced covalency as the cause of temperature-and field-induced instabilities in bismuth sodium titanate","volume":"22","author":"D Sch\ufffdtz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.97.184101","article-title":"Adaptive strain prompting a pseudo-morphotropic phase boundary in ferroelectric (1-x)","volume":"3","author":"K Datta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4804940","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental investigation of Raman modes, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of relaxor Na 0","volume":"3","author":"M K Niranjan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref47","article-title":"Ultrahigh electrobending deformation In poled sodium bismuth titanate-based piezoelectric ceramics by uneven defect distribution","volume":"35","author":"Y Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.88.014103","article-title":"TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 : Equilibrium structures and irreversible structural transformations driven by electric field and mechanical impact","volume":"88","author":"R Garg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"8423","volume":"3","author":"D Maurya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Effect of poling on nanodomains and nanoscale structure in A-site disordered lead-free"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4812383","article-title":"Dielectric relaxation, lattice dynamics and polarization mechanisms in Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3based lead-free ceramics","volume":"114","author":"G Viola","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmat.2021.06.008","article-title":"Role of matrix phase and electric field gradient in Na 1\/2 Bi 1\/2 TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 :ZnO composites","volume":"8","author":"L Kodumudi Venkataraman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Materiomics"},{"key":"ref52","author":"K Uchino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ferroelectric Devices (Marcel Dekker), Chap. 7"},{"issue":"Sc 1\/2 Ta 1","key":"ref53","article-title":"A TEM study of ordering in the perovskite","author":"C A Randall","journal-title":"Pb"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01106571","volume":"21","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmat.2021.06.003","article-title":"Enhanced electrical and photocatalytic activities in Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 through structural modulation by using anatase and rutile phases of TiO 2","volume":"8","author":"C Goutham","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Materiomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7727","DOI":"10.1063\/1.370577","article-title":"Transient electron transport in wurtzite GaN, InN, and AlN","volume":"85","author":"B E Foutz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref57","article-title":"Hardening of electromechanical properties in piezoceramics using a composite approach","volume":"111","author":"L K V","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Critical role of interfacial polarization suppression in enhancing breakdown strength and energy storage performance of NBT-based dielectric ceramics","author":"L Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref59","article-title":"Creation and destruction of morphotropic phase boundaries through electrical poling: A case study of lead-free (Bi 1\/2 Na 1\/2 )TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 piezoelectrics","volume":"109","author":"C Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Effect of CoFe2O4 mole percentage in the scaling behaviour of dynamic hysteresis loop in eco-friendly (1-x","volume":"666","author":"M Pal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physica B"},{"key":"ref61","volume":"9","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ferroelectric polymers and their nanocomposites for dielectric energy storage applications, APL Mater"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2015.05.005","article-title":"Dielectric, optical, piezoelectric and ferroelectric studies of NBT-BT ceramics near MPB","volume":"41","author":"S Swain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.24425\/amm.2020.132799","article-title":"Influence of particle size and sintering temperatures on electrical properties of 0","volume":"65","author":"M Gul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Metall. Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.70.024107","article-title":"Grain-size effects on the ferroelectric behavior of dense nanocrystalline BaTiO 3 ceramics","volume":"70","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref65","author":"C Zhao"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref66","article-title":"Precipitation hardening in ferroelectric ceramics","volume":"33","author":"J Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1063\/1.125560","article-title":"Extensional piezoelectric coefficients of gallium nitride and aluminum nitride","volume":"75","author":"I L Guy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.91.134113","article-title":"Domain pinning near a single-grain boundary in tetragonal and rhombohedral lead zirconate titanate films","volume":"91","author":"D M Marincel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref69","article-title":"Domain wall motion in epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 capacitors investigated by modified piezoresponse force microscopy","volume":"92","author":"S M Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8120","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC02197C","article-title":"Achieving ultrahigh dielectric breakdown strength in MgO-based ceramics by composite structure design","volume":"7","author":"C Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4975318","article-title":"Communication: Band bending at the interface in polyethylene-MgO nanocomposite dielectric","volume":"146","author":"E Kubyshkina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC00589D","article-title":"Relaxor\/antiferroelectric composites: a solution to achieve high energy storage performance in lead-free dielectric ceramics","volume":"8","author":"P Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref73","author":"E V Ramana","journal-title":"Insights into improved ferroelectric and electrocaloric performance of"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"1 O 3 thick films grown by the electrophoretic deposition","volume":"33","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2022.10.363","article-title":"Energy storage, electrocaloric and optical property studies in Ho-modified NBT -BT lead-free ferroelectric ceramics","volume":"49","author":"K S K R C Sekhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"17","article-title":"Enhanced ferroelectric and energy-storage properties of Nb-doped","volume":"567","author":"H Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. B: Condens. Matter"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0255020","article-title":"Coexistence of the composition and temperature-induced anomalies in enhancing the dielectric and energy storage properties of","volume":"126","author":"E Kumari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6802","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.16596","article-title":"Investigation on the discharge energy storage density of the Rb substituted Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 relaxor ferroelectric and its suitability for the orthopedic application","volume":"102","author":"K Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Amer. Ceram. Soc"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref79","first-page":"889","article-title":"Dielectric properties, thermal expansion and heat capacity of (1-x)Na 0","volume":"178","author":"J Suchanicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2014.01.149","article-title":"Enhanced electrocaloric effect in lead-free NBT-based ceramics","volume":"40","author":"W P Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ceramics International"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5083670","article-title":"Enhancement of dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and electrocaloric properties in slightly doped","volume":"125","author":"O Turki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1063\/1.365209","article-title":"Effective thermal conductivity of particulate composites with interfacial thermal resistance","volume":"81","author":"C.-W Nan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106009","article-title":"Maxwell-type models for the effective thermal conductivity of a porous material with radiative transfer in the voids","volume":"145","author":"K B Kiradjiev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.07.015","article-title":"Molecular interface regulation enables order-disorder synergy in electrocaloric nanocomposites","volume":"7","author":"D Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Joule"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T22:42:55Z","timestamp":1772145775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=6309512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":84,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.6309512","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}