{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T01:40:08Z","timestamp":1776303608139,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The massive use of coal resulted in several environmental problems. Biofuels have been identified as an important alternative to fossil fuels through the upgrading of solid biomass using thermochemical processes. This study aims to accurately represent the decomposition of volatiles during biomass torrefaction of gorse wood at low temperatures, considering different residence times within the reactor.Torrefaction, a thermochemical pre-treatment method, designed to improve the physical and chemical properties of biomass, was numerically simulated using the Aspen Plus software platform. The modeling methodology was supported by experimental data obtained through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) performed under precisely controlled laboratory conditions. Three different pyrolysis temperatures (200, 250, and 300 \u00b0C) were examined at a heating rate of 10 K\/min, along with two specific residence times (60 and 80 min). This study illustrates a comprehensive workflow, extending from laboratory TGA experiments to a to a validated process model for gorse.The model can provide the yield streams of the gorse torrefaction at 6 different conditions (three torrefaction temperatures and two residence times). The resulting model, which utilizes the Yield Reactor, employs empirical correlations from literature that relate product yields to reactor temperature through polynomial functions. Product yields were computed via temperature-dependent polynomial correlations implemented through Fortran subroutines integrated with the Aspen Plus RYIELD reactor block. The results showed an agreement with experimental data of gorse torrefaction, achieving 3.2% average error for prediction accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.6584988","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:37:41Z","timestamp":1776299861000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration of Thermogravimetric Analysis and Aspen Simulation Study for Gorse Wood Torrefaction"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4243-4433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariam","family":"Sakhraji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-3549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matheus","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Parag  Pilaji","family":"Kanade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gaulhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Dalibard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-8789","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abel","family":"Rouboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"References"},{"key":"ref2","author":"S Al-Zoghoul","year":"2024","journal-title":"World EnergyTransitions Outlook 2024: 1.5 C Pathway"},{"key":"ref3","author":"I E Agency","year":"2025","journal-title":"Global Energy Review 2025"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2025","journal-title":"Global bioenergy statistics report"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.01.150","article-title":"Improved biomass cookstoves for sustainable development: A review","volume":"73","author":"S A Mehetre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Variation of lignocellulosic biomass structure from torrefaction: A critical review","volume":"152","author":"H C Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2018.09.007","article-title":"Advances and opportunities in biomass conversion technologies and biorefineries for the development of a bio-based economy","volume":"119","author":"C K Yamakawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomass and Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Progress in biomass torrefaction: Principles, applications and challenges","volume":"82","author":"W.-H Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1039\/C5PY00263J","article-title":"Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers","volume":"6","author":"F H Isikgor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polymer chemistry"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"228","volume":"169","author":"D Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investigation of biomass torrefaction based on three major components: Hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. 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