{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:37:22Z","timestamp":1777513042260,"version":"3.51.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":3,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) are an important source of flexibility in power systems with high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). When installed at transmission-distribution interface nodes, shared ESSs can support both Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs), but their long-term planning remains challenging because investment decisions depend on coordinated operation under uncertainty and battery degradation over time. This paper proposes a degradation-aware planning framework for shared battery ESSs in coordinated TSO-DSO operation. The problem is formulated as a bi-level stochastic optimization model in which the upper level determines siting, sizing, and staged investment decisions under investment-cost uncertainty, while the lower level evaluates these decisions through coordinated system operation. To preserve tractability, the framework combines Benders&amp;apos;\u00a0decomposition for long-term planning with an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM)-based decentralized coordination mechanism for short-term operation. The framework is evaluated on integrated IEEE transmission-distribution test systems over a 15-year planning horizon. Relative to uncoordinated operation, coordinated operation with shared ESSs reduces operating costs by up to 18.25%\u00a0and RES curtailment by up to 92.16%\u00a0in the later years of the planning horizon, while eliminating voltage violations. The results also show that degradation materially affects ESS valuation and that temporal discretization can influence siting and sizing decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.6668105","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:41:26Z","timestamp":1777390886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Degradation-Aware Planning of Shared Battery Energy Storage Systems for Coordinated Transmission and Distribution System Operation"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8712-8864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Micael","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7638-1522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pe\u00e7as Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipe  Joel","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"Active Power"},{"key":"ref2","volume":"18","author":"D Figure","year":"2025","journal-title":"Flexible load profiles for the ADN at TN node 9. Table E.17: Operational planning results by representative year and representative day"},{"key":"ref3"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:46:49Z","timestamp":1777391209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=6668105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":3,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.6668105","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}