{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:09:17Z","timestamp":1785334157081,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/ip-policy\/copyright-policy\/copyright-basics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>I re-estimate Singapore's tourism multipliers using the 2019 and 2021 Supply, Use and InputOutput Tables released by the Singapore Department of Statistics. The 2019 tourism Type II value-added multiplier is 0.920 (90% CI [0.913, 0.927]), within 0.02 of the 0.94 figure reported by Khan, Seng and Cheong (1990) for 1983, and below the 1.05 reported by Khan, Phang and Toh (1995) for 1988. The 2019 tourism Type II output multiplier is 1.99, within 0.01 of the 2.00 reported for 1983 and 0.02 of the 1.97 reported for 1988. The 2019 Type I income (compensation) multiplier is 0.373 (90% CI [0.369, 0.377]). My methodology reproduces SingStat's published industry-level multipliers from IP-E53 (2023) with a mean absolute error of 0.016 across sixteen broad industries. Import leakage has declined modestly from 38 percent in 1983 to 36 percent in 1988 to 28 percent in 2019. The headline finding is remarkable stability of the tourism multiplier across thirty-six years of substantial structural change in the underlying economy, with a 1988 peak in the value-added multiplier plausibly attributable to recovery from the 1985-1986 recession. A Shorrocks-symmetric decomposition of the 2019 to 2021 change attributes 73 percent to production-structure change and 27 percent to tourist-composition change. Applying the 2019 multiplier to the 2024 Taylor Swift Eras Tour deal yields a valueadded benefit of approximately S$232 million, robustly above the publicly reported grant range (S$3-24 million), implying a benefit-to-grant ratio between 9.7 and 77. A 297-sitting scrape of Singapore Parliamentary Hansard 1985-1996 finds zero occurrences of the exact phrase \"tourism multiplier\" and zero occurrences of \"tourism receipts\", despite extensive parliamentary discussion of tourism policy in the same period. The Khan-vintage academic terminology left no detectable trace in parliamentary language, even at its 1990s research peak. The discursive shift documented in Singapore's tourism communications between the 1990s and 2020s is therefore a shift within academic and policy-document registers, not a shift in political framing, which was always receipts-and-projects framed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.6800379","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:34:08Z","timestamp":1785332048000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Multiplier to Subsidy: Singapore's Tourism Income Multiplier, 1983-2021, and the Political Economy of Concert Economics"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8477-9393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boon Chuan","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:34:08Z","timestamp":1785332048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=6800379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.6800379","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}