{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:09:29Z","timestamp":1785334169223,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/ip-policy\/copyright-policy\/copyright-basics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>I compute the cumulative-kilometre breakeven point at which a battery electric vehicle (BEV) in ASEAN-6 overtakes an equivalent internal combustion engine vehicle on lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis covers Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, crossed with four battery-source cases: LFP-China, NMC-China, NMC-Korea, and NMC-EU. Combining 2024 grid carbon intensities from Ember and Singapore's Energy Market Authority with peer-reviewed and institutional battery LCA estimates, I find that all 24 country-by-battery scenarios break even within a 200,000 km vehicle lifetime under baseline assumptions. Breakeven distances range from 37,800 km to 81,500 km, equivalent to 2.5 to 5.4 years at 15,000 km per year. Sensitivity tests over battery emissions, vehicle efficiency, charging losses, upstream fuel-cycle emissions, and NDC-implied grid decarbonisation preserve the baseline result. A stringent 1.50\u00d7 marginal-grid stress test leaves 22 of 24 scenarios below lifetime, with only Indonesia paired with Chinese-made batteries failing. An impossibility frontier analysis shows that the dirtiest ASEAN-6 grid (Indonesia at 660 gCO\u2082 per kWh) sits at 66 percent of the threshold above which a BEV would fail to break even within lifetime. The paper contributes a transparent kilometres-to-breakeven framing that complements existing per-km ASEAN BEV lifecycle assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.6811902","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:35:20Z","timestamp":1785332120000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breakeven Kilometres for Battery Electric Vehicles in ASEAN-6: Grid Intensity, Battery Origin, and Lifecycle Emissions Payback"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8477-9393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boon Chuan","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:35:20Z","timestamp":1785332120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=6811902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.6811902","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}