{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T14:34:21Z","timestamp":1792938861459,"version":"4.5.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/ip-policy\/copyright-policy\/copyright-basics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Machine learning has been widely applied in empirical asset pricing for return prediction, with feature engineering playing a central role. In this study, we compare stock predictors commonly used by practitioners with those extensively documented in the academic literature (Jensen, Kelly, and Pedersen, 2023), and examine the economic implications of machine-learning-based return prediction. We demonstrate that integrating stock characteristics from market practice and academic research can generate powerful predictive signals. Moreover, we also show that institutional investors trade on machine-learning-based combined signals, whereas retail investors tend to trade in the opposite direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.7669373","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T13:51:29Z","timestamp":1792936289000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Market Wisdom versus Academic Research: Evidence from Chinese Stock Markets"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abc","family":"Cba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoneco.2022.01.001","article-title":"Wealth redistribution in bubbles and crashes","volume":"126","author":"Li An","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Monetary Economics"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2587","article-title":"Economic Restrictions: Evidence from Stock Return Predictability","volume":"69","author":"Doron Avramov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Machine Learning vs"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1111\/jofi.13033","article-title":"Tracking Retail Investor Activity","volume":"76","author":"Boehmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"ref4","author":"Nusret Cakici","year":"2026","journal-title":"Getting the Target Right in Return Prediction"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Liquidity characteristics of market anomalies and institutional trading","volume":"179","author":"Charles Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1561\/104.00000112","article-title":"Open Source Cross-Sectional Asset Pricing","volume":"11","author":"Andrew Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Finance Review"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/rapstu\/raaf005","article-title":"Alpha Go Everywhere: Machine Learning and International Stock Returns","volume":"15","author":"Darwin Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Review of Asset Pricing Studies"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.2011.01671.x","article-title":"Presidential Address: Discount Rates","volume":"66","author":"John H Cochrane","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"134","article-title":"Comparing Predictive Accuracy","volume":"13","author":"Francis X Diebold","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Business & Economic Statistics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2016.01.002","article-title":"Institutional investors and stock return anomalies","volume":"119","author":"Roger M Edelen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1086\/260061","article-title":"Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests","volume":"81","author":"Eugene F Fama","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"2223","volume":"33","author":"Shihao Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Empirical Asset Pricing via Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1111\/jofi.12951","article-title":"False (and Missed) Discoveries in Financial Economics","volume":"75","author":"Campbell R Harvey","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/hhv059","article-title":"\u2026 and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns","volume":"29","author":"Campbell R Harvey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Review of Financial Studies"},{"key":"ref15","author":"Kewei Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Finding Anomalies in China"},{"key":"ref16","volume":"33","author":"Kewei Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Replicating Anomalies"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2019.06.004","article-title":"Anomalies across the globe: Once public, no longer existent?","volume":"135","author":"Heiko Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04702.x","article-title":"Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency","volume":"48","author":"Narasimhan Jegadeesh","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Is There a Replication Crisis in Finance?","author":"Theis Jensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Retail Trading and Return Predictability in China","author":"Charles M Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"72","author":"Zura Kakushadze","year":"2016","journal-title":"101 Formulaic Alphas"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2021.08.017","article-title":"Machine learning in the Chinese stock market","volume":"145","author":"Markus Leippold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2025.104138","article-title":"Machine learning from a \"Universe\" of signals: The role of feature engineering","volume":"172","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref24","author":"Siyang Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tracking Retail and Institutional Investors Activity in China"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Which investors drive anomaly returns and how?","volume":"179","author":"Yizhang Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"5066","volume":"70","author":"Zhibing Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Replicating and Digesting Anomalies in the Chinese A-Share Market"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2019.03.008","article-title":"Size and value in China","volume":"134","author":"Jianan Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref28","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Machine Learning as Arbitrage: Can Economics Help Explain AI?, SSRN working paper"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022109025102081","article-title":"Foreign Capital in the Chinese Stock Market: A Firm-Level Study","volume":"61","author":"Christian T Lundblad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jofi.12365","article-title":"Does Academic Research Destroy Stock Return Predictability?","volume":"71","author":"R Mclean","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2025.104158","article-title":"Taking sides on return predictability","volume":"173","author":"R Mclean","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"459","volume":"16","author":"Lin Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retail and Institutional Investor Trading Behaviors: Evidence from China"},{"key":"ref33","author":"A","journal-title":"JoinQuant Predictor Definitions A.2.1 Quality"},{"key":"ref34","journal-title":"Net profit divided by total operating revenue"},{"key":"ref35","journal-title":"Cash flow from operations divided by enterprise value"},{"key":"ref36","journal-title":"Accounts payable turnover days"},{"key":"ref37","journal-title":"Net profit margin"},{"key":"ref38","journal-title":"Net non-operating income divided by total profit"},{"key":"ref39","journal-title":"Accounts receivable turnover days"},{"key":"ref40","author":"Degm"},{"key":"ref41","journal-title":"Selling expenses divided (TTM) by operating revenue(TTM)"},{"key":"ref42","journal-title":"Sales tax rate: operating taxes and surcharges (TTM) \/ operating revenue (TTM)"},{"key":"ref43","journal-title":"inventory_turnover_days: Inventory turnover days: 360 \/ inventory turnover rate"},{"key":"ref44","journal-title":"OperatingCycle: Accounts receivable turnover days + inventory turnover days"},{"key":"ref45","journal-title":"Net operating cash flow (TTM) divided by net operating income (TTM)"},{"key":"ref46","journal-title":"Cash content of net profit: net operating cash flow \/ net profit attributable to parent company shareholders"},{"key":"ref47","journal-title":"Quick ratio: (current assets -inventories) \/ current liabilities"},{"key":"ref48","journal-title":"Intangible asset ratio: (intangible assets + R&D expenditure + goodwill) \/ total assets"},{"key":"ref49","author":"Mlev","journal-title":"Market leverage: non-current liabilities \/ (non-current liabilities + total market capitalization)"},{"key":"ref50","journal-title":"Debt-to-equity ratio"},{"key":"ref51","journal-title":"Super quick ratio: (monetary funds + trading financial assets + notes receivable + accounts receivable + other receivables) \/ current liabilities"},{"key":"ref52","journal-title":"inventory_turnover_rate: Inventory turnover rate: cost of sales (TTM) \/ average quarterly inventory 21. operating_profit_growth_rate: Operating profit growth rate"},{"key":"ref53","journal-title":"Long-term debt to working capital ratio"},{"key":"ref54","journal-title":"Current ratio (single quarter): current assets \/ current liabilities"},{"key":"ref55","journal-title":"Net operating cash flow to net debt"},{"key":"ref56","journal-title":"Net operating cash flow (TTM) \/ total assets"},{"key":"ref57","journal-title":"Non-current asset ratio. Formula: non-current assets \/ total assets"},{"key":"ref58","journal-title":"total_asset_turnover_rate: Total asset turnover rate: operating revenue (TTM) \/ total assets"},{"key":"ref59","journal-title":"Long-term debt to total assets ratio"},{"key":"ref60","journal-title":"Debt to tangible equity ratio: total liabilities \/ tangible net worth, where tangible net worth = shareholders' equity -net intangible assets, net intangible assets = goodwill + other intangible assets"},{"key":"ref61","journal-title":"ROAEBITTTM: Return on assets (EBIT)"},{"key":"ref62","journal-title":"Operating profit margin: operating profit (TTM) \/ operating revenue (TTM)"},{"key":"ref63","journal-title":"Long-term debt to total assets ratio"},{"key":"ref64","journal-title":"Current asset turnover rate: operating revenue over past 12 months \/ average current assets over past 12 months"},{"key":"ref65","journal-title":"Financial expense rate: financial expenses(TTM) \/ operating revenue (TTM)"},{"key":"ref66","journal-title":"Net operating income \/ total profit"},{"key":"ref67","journal-title":"Total liabilities to total assets ratio"},{"key":"ref68","journal-title":"equity_to_fixed_asset_ratio: Shareholders' equity to fixed asset ratio"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Net operating cash flow to total liabilities","volume":"39","journal-title":"cash_rate_of_sales: Net operating cash flow (TTM) \/ operating revenue (TTM)"},{"key":"ref70","journal-title":"Operating profit to operating revenue"},{"key":"ref71","journal-title":"Administrative expenses (TTM) \/ operating revenue (TTM)"},{"key":"ref72","journal-title":"Fixed assets turnover rate"},{"key":"ref73","journal-title":"Investment income from associates and joint ventures to total profit"},{"key":"ref74","journal-title":"equity_to_asset_ratio: Shareholders' equity to total assets ratio"},{"key":"ref75","journal-title":"Cash received from goods and services to operating revenue"},{"key":"ref76","journal-title":"Period-end cash and cash equivalents \/ 12-month average of current liabilities"},{"key":"ref77","journal-title":"Net operating cash flow to current liabilities ratio"},{"key":"ref78","author":"Acca","journal-title":"Difference between cash flow to assets ratio and return on assets"},{"key":"ref79","journal-title":"Accounts payable turnover rate"},{"key":"ref80","journal-title":"Gross profit margin"},{"key":"ref81","journal-title":"Adjusted net profit to total profit: net profit excluding nonrecurring gains and losses \/ total profit"},{"key":"ref82","journal-title":"Accounts receivable turnover rate"},{"key":"ref83","journal-title":"Equity turnover rate: operating revenue (TTM) \/ shareholders' equity"},{"key":"ref84","journal-title":"Total profit to cost ratio"},{"key":"ref85","journal-title":"Operating cost to operating revenue ratio"},{"key":"ref86","author":"Lvgi","journal-title":"Leverage Index: current period (annual) debt-to-asset ratio \/ prior period (annual) debt-to-asset ratio"},{"key":"ref87","author":"Sgi"},{"key":"ref88","author":"Gmi","journal-title":"Gross Margin Index"},{"key":"ref89","author":"Dsri","journal-title":"Current period (annual) accounts receivable to revenue ratio \/ prior period ratio. 62. rnoa_ttm: Return on net operating assets"},{"key":"ref90","journal-title":"profit_margin_ttm: Profit margin"},{"key":"ref91","journal-title":"Operating asset turnover: operating revenue (TTM) \/ average periodend net operating assets over last 4 quarters"},{"key":"ref92","journal-title":"Return on invested capital (TTM): net profit attributable to parent (TTM) \/ average invested capital over last 4 quarters"},{"key":"ref93","author":"Sgai","journal-title":"Sales, General and Administrative Expenses Index: current period (annual) SGA-tosales ratio \/ prior period ratio"},{"key":"ref94","journal-title":"maximum_margin: Maximum profit margin: max(margin_stability, DEGM_8y)"},{"key":"ref95","journal-title":"margin_stability: Profitability stability: mean(GM) \/ std(GM), where GM is gross margin over the past 8 years"},{"key":"ref96","journal-title":"factors) 72. net_working_capital: Net working capital: current assets -current liabilities. 73. total_operating_revenue_ttm: Total operating revenue, sum of operating revenue over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref97","journal-title":"Operating profit, sum of operating profit over the past 12 months. 75. net_operate_cash_flow_ttm: Net operating cash flow, sum of net operating cash flow over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref98","journal-title":"Operating revenue, sum of operating revenue over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref99","journal-title":"Total current liabilities -interest-free current liabilities. 78. sale_expense_ttm: Sales expenses, sum of sales expenses over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref100","journal-title":"Gross profit, sum of gross profit over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref101","journal-title":"Retained earnings: surplus reserve + undistributed profit"},{"key":"ref102","journal-title":"Total operating cost, sum of total operating cost over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref103","journal-title":"Non-operating net profit"},{"key":"ref104","journal-title":"Net investment cash flow over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref105","journal-title":"Financial expenses, sum of financial expenses over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref106","journal-title":"Sum of administrative expenses over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref107","journal-title":"Net interest expense"},{"key":"ref108","journal-title":"Sum of net value change profit over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref109","journal-title":"Sum of total profit over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref110","journal-title":"Sum of net cash flow from financing activities over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref111","journal-title":"Interest-free current liabilities"},{"key":"ref112","journal-title":"EBIT: Earnings before interest and taxes"},{"key":"ref113","journal-title":"Sum of net profit over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref114","journal-title":"OperateNetIncome: (net operating income \/ total profit) %\u00d7 total profit"},{"key":"ref115","author":"Ebitda","journal-title":"Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization"},{"key":"ref116","journal-title":"Sum of asset impairment loss over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref117","journal-title":"Net profit attributable to parent company shareholders. Sum over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref118","journal-title":"Sum of operating cost over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref119","journal-title":"Non-recurring gains and losses: net profit attributable to parentnet profit excluding non-recurring gains and losses"},{"key":"ref120","journal-title":"Cash received from goods and services, sum over the past 12 months"},{"key":"ref121","journal-title":"Market capitalization"},{"key":"ref122","journal-title":"Cash flow to price ratio: 1 \/ pcf_ratio (TTM)"},{"key":"ref123","journal-title":"Sales to price ratio. Formula: 1 \/ ps_ratio (TTM)"},{"key":"ref124","journal-title":"Circulating market capitalization"},{"key":"ref125","journal-title":"Operating assets: total assets -financial assets"},{"key":"ref126","journal-title":"Financial assets"},{"key":"ref127","journal-title":"Operating liabilities: total liabilities -financial liabilities. 108. financial_liability: Financial liabilities"},{"key":"ref128","journal-title":"Operating revenue growth rate"},{"key":"ref129","journal-title":"Total asset growth rate: (total assets \/ total assets 4 quarters ago"},{"key":"ref130","journal-title":"Net operating cash flow growth rate"},{"key":"ref131","journal-title":"Total profit growth rate"},{"key":"ref132","journal-title":"Net profit attributable to parent growth rate. 114. financing_cash_growth_rate: Financing cash flow growth rate"},{"key":"ref133","journal-title":"Net profit growth rate"},{"key":"ref134","journal-title":"Net asset growth rate: (current quarter shareholders' equity \/ shareholders' equity 3 quarters ago"},{"key":"ref135","journal-title":"\/Earnings to Growth ratio"},{"key":"ref136","author":"A","journal-title":"4 Per-share indicators"},{"key":"ref137","journal-title":"total_operating_revenue_per_share_ttm: Total operating revenue per share"},{"key":"ref138","journal-title":"Cash and equivalents per share"},{"key":"ref139","journal-title":"Surplus reserve fund per share"},{"key":"ref140","journal-title":"Retained profit per share"},{"key":"ref141","journal-title":"Operating revenue per share"},{"key":"ref142","journal-title":"Net asset per share"},{"key":"ref143","journal-title":"Total operating revenue per share. 125. retained_earnings_per_share: Retained earnings per share"},{"key":"ref144","journal-title":"Operating revenue per share"},{"key":"ref145","journal-title":"Net operating cash flow per share"},{"key":"ref146","journal-title":"Operating profit per share"},{"key":"ref147","journal-title":"Earnings per share"},{"key":"ref148","journal-title":"Net cash flow per share"},{"key":"ref149","journal-title":"Operating profit per share"},{"key":"ref150","journal-title":"Capital reserve fund per share"},{"key":"ref151","author":"Vroc_N","journal-title":"VROC12): N-day volume rate of change for N = 6"},{"key":"ref152","author":"Tvma_N (tvma","journal-title":"TVMA20): N-day simple moving average of daily trading amount"},{"key":"ref153","volume":"5","author":"Vema_N","journal-title":"VEMA10, VEMA12, VEMA26): N-day exponential moving average of volume for N = 5"},{"key":"ref154","volume":"10","author":"Vstd_N"},{"key":"ref155","volume":"26","author":"Vdiff","journal-title":"VMACD intermediate variable: EMA(volume, 12) -EMA"},{"key":"ref156","journal-title":"VDEA: VMACD intermediate variable: EMA(VDIFF, 9"},{"key":"ref157","journal-title":"VMACD: Volume-Weighted Moving Average Convergence Divergence, the difference between a 12-period and a 26-period exponential moving average of volume (DIFF), minus an M-period moving average of DIFF (DEA)"},{"key":"ref158","author":"Vosc"},{"key":"ref159","author":"Vr","journal-title":"Volume Ratio = (AVS + 1\/2 \u00d7 CVS) \/ (BVS + 1\/2 \u00d7 CVS)"},{"key":"ref160","volume":"5","author":"Vol_N","journal-title":"N-day average turnover rate for N = 5"},{"key":"ref161","volume":"100","author":"Br","journal-title":"Willingness indicator (BR): sum of (daily high -yesterday close) over N days \/ sum of (yesterday close -daily low) over N days"},{"key":"ref162","volume":"100","author":"Ar","journal-title":"Popular sentiment indicator (AR): sum of (daily high -daily open) over N days \/ sum of (daily open -daily low) over N days"},{"key":"ref163","journal-title":"ARBR: AR-BR difference"},{"key":"ref164","author":"Psy","journal-title":"Psychological Line indicator: number of up days in past 12 days \/ 12 \u00d7 100"},{"key":"ref165","volume":"5","author":"Davol_N","journal-title":"DAVOL20): N-day relative turnover for N = 5, 10, 20. Formula: N-day average turnover rate \/ 120-day average turnover rate"},{"key":"ref166","author":"Wvad","journal-title":"Williams Variable Accumulation Distribution. Formula: sum of [(close -open) \/ (high -low) \u00d7 volume] over past 6 trading days"},{"key":"ref167","journal-title":"MAWVAD: 6-day moving average of WVAD"},{"key":"ref168","volume":"14","journal-title":"14-day Average True Range. 14-day moving average of true range"},{"key":"ref169","journal-title":"ATR6: 6-day Average True Range. Same as ATR14"},{"key":"ref170","author":"Tvstd_N","journal-title":"TVSTD20): N-day standard deviation of daily trading amount for N = 6"},{"key":"ref171","volume":"60","author":"Variance_N","journal-title":"Variance20, Variance60, Variance120): N-day annualized return variance for N = 20"},{"key":"ref172","volume":"60","author":"Skewness_N","journal-title":"Skewness60, Skewness120): N-day return skewness for N = 20"},{"key":"ref173","author":"Kurtosis_N","journal-title":"N-day return kurtosis for N = 20, 60, 120. 158. sharpe_ratio_N (sharpe_ratio_20, sharpe_ratio_60, sharpe_ratio_120): N-day Sharpe ratio for N = 20, 60, 120. Formula: (mean return -Rf) \/ sigma_p, where Rf = 0.04 and sigma_p is stock return volatility over N days"},{"key":"ref174","article-title":"EMAC26): N-day exponential moving average divided by closing price for N = 10","volume":"12","author":"Emac_N","journal-title":"EMAC"},{"key":"ref175","author":"Mac_N"},{"key":"ref176","author":"Macdc","journal-title":"Moving Average Convergence Divergence: MACD(SHORT=12, LONG=26, MID=9) \/ close"},{"key":"ref177","first-page":"100","article-title":"+ MR), where MR = sum of positive money flow \/ sum of negative money flow over 14 periods","volume":"14","journal-title":"Money Flow Index"},{"key":"ref178","journal-title":"Formula: [(25 -days since highest high) \/ 25] x 100. 168. arron_down_25: Aroon Down indicator (25-day)"},{"key":"ref179","author":"Bbic","journal-title":"Bulls and Bears Index momentum: BBI(3, 6, 12, 24) \/ close"},{"key":"ref180","article-title":"Formula: (close -N-day simple moving average of the closing price) \/ N-day simple moving average of the closing price \u00d7 100","volume":"5","author":"Bias_N","journal-title":"BIAS60): N-day bias ratio for N = 5"},{"key":"ref181","volume":"15","author":"Cci_N","journal-title":"N-day Commodity Channel Index for N = 10, 15, 20, 88. Formula: (TYP -MA(TYP, N)) \/ (0.015 \u00d7 AVEDEV"},{"key":"ref182","journal-title":"CR20: CR indicator (20-day): CR ="},{"key":"ref183","journal-title":"52-week close rank. Rank of current close among past 250 daily closes"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref184","volume":"2","journal-title":"MASS: Mass Index: MASS"},{"key":"ref185","article-title":"PLRC24): N-day price linear regression coefficient for N = 6","volume":"12","author":"Plrc_N","journal-title":"Formula: beta from regressing close \/ mean(close) on time over N days"},{"key":"ref186","author":"Price_N","journal-title":"Price1Y): N-period price relative strength for N = 1M (21 days"},{"key":"ref187","journal-title":"Rank1M: 1-month return rank. Formula: 1 -(rank of stock 20-day return \/ total number of stocks)"},{"key":"ref188","volume":"20","author":"Roc_N","journal-title":"ROC60, ROC120): N-day Price Rate of Change for N = 6"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref189","article-title":"Singleday Volume Price Trend and its N-day simple moving average. Formula for single_day_VPT: (close -previous day's close) \/ previous day's close \u00d7 volume","journal-title":"Formula for single_day_VPT_N: SMA"},{"key":"ref190","author":"Trix_N","journal-title":"N-day Triple Exponential Moving Average (TRIX) for N = 5, 10. Formula: MTR = EMA"},{"key":"ref191","author":"Trix =","journal-title":"MTR -1-day prior MTR) \/ 1-day prior MTR \u00d7 100"},{"key":"ref192","volume":"1","journal-title":"M: 1-month volume-price trend. Formula: volume \/ avg volume over 20 days \u00d7 avg return over 20 days"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T13:55:27Z","timestamp":1792936527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=7669373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":192,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.7669373","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}