{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:58:50Z","timestamp":1776697130148,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Japan Poultry Science Association","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Poult. Sci.","Jpn. Poult. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.2024025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T22:11:34Z","timestamp":1733436694000},"page":"n\/a","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Synthetic CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide K3 on Immune Response, Behavior, and Physiology in Male Layer Chicks (&lt;i&gt;Gallus gallus&lt;\/i&gt;)"],"prefix":"10.2141","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Mimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakirul","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Cline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"908","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Kumagai Y, Takeuchi O andAkira S. TLR9 as a key receptor for the recognition of DNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 60: 795\u2013804. 2008. PMID:18262306, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2007.12.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.12.004"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] Verthelyi D, Ishii KJ, Gursel M, Takeshita F andKlinman DM. Human peripheral blood cells differentially recognize and respond to two distinct CPG motifs. J Immunol, 166: 2372\u20132377. 2001. PMID:11160295, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2372","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2372"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] Vollmer J, Weeratna R, Payette P, Jurk M, Schetter C, Laucht M, Wader T, Tluk S, Liu M, Davis HL andKrieg AM. Characterization of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes with distinct immunostimulatory activities. Eur J Immunol, 34: 251\u2013262. 2004. PMID:14971051, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200324032","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324032"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Ishii KJ. Nucleic acid-based immuno-prophylaxis and -therapies against tropical ciseases. Yakugaku Zasshi, 142: 709\u2013713. 2022. PMID:35781498, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/yakushi.21-00210-5","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.21-00210-5"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"[5] van Miert AS andDe la Parra DA. Inhibition of gastric emptying by endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide) in conscious rats and modification of this response by drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 184: 27\u201333. 1970. PMID:4393632"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] Langhans W, Harlacher R, Balkowski G andScharrer E. Comparison of the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide on food intake. Physiol Behav, 47: 805\u2013813. 1990. PMID:2388934, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0031-9384(90)90001-K","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(90)90001-K"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] Kozak W, Conn CA andKluger MJ. Lipopolysaccharide induces fever and depresses locomotor activity in unrestrained mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 266: R125\u2013R135. 1994. PMID:8304533, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.266.1.R125","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1994.266.1.R125"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] Kozak W, Wrotek S andKozak A. Pyrogenicity of CpG-DNA in mice: role of interleukin-6, cyclooxygenases, and nuclear factor-\u03baB. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 290: R871\u2013R880. 2006. PMID:16293680, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00408.2005","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00408.2005"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] Damm J, Wiegand F, Harden LM, Wenisch S, Gerstberger R, Rummel C andRoth J. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections of the TLR9 agonist ODN 1668 in rats: brain inflammatory responses are related to peripheral IL-6 rather than interferons. J Neuroimmunol, 277: 105\u2013117. 2014. PMID:25465287, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.10.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.10.007"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] Kannaki TR, Reddy MR, Shanmugam M, Verma PC andSharma RP. Chicken toll-like receptors and their role in immunity. Worlds Poult Sci J, 66: 727\u2013738. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0043933910000693","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933910000693"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] Brownlie R, Zhu J, Allan B, Mutwiri GK, Babiuk LA, Potter A andGriebel P. Chicken TLR21 acts as a functional homologue to mammalian TLR9 in the recognition of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Mol Immunol, 46: 3163\u20133170. 2009. PMID:19573927, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.06.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.06.002"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] Keestra AM, de Zoete MR, Bouwman LI andvan Putten JPM. Chicken TLR21 is an innate CpG DNA receptor distinct from mammalian TLR9. J Immunol, 185: 460\u2013467. 2010. PMID:20498358, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0901921","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901921"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] Patel BA, Gomis S, Dar A, Willson PJ, Babiuk LA, Potter A, Mutwiri G andTikoo SK. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) predominantly induce Th1-type immune response in neonatal chicks. Dev Comp Immunol, 32: 1041\u20131049. 2008. PMID:18395255, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2008.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.02.007"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] St Paul M, Mallick AI, Haq K, Orouji S, Abdul-Careem MF andSharif S. In vivo administration of ligands for chicken toll-like receptors 4 and 21 induces the expression of immune system genes in the spleen. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 144: 228\u2013237. 2011. PMID:22019071, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.09.004"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Chrz\u0105stek K andWieliczko A. The effects of subcutaneous and intraocular administration of class B ODN CpG in chicken on the expression of TLR21, IFN-\u03b3 and IL-1\u03b2. Pol J Vet Sci, 17: 593\u2013599. 2014. PMID:25638972, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/pjvs-2014-0089","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2014-0089"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] Johnson RW, Curtis SE, Dantzer R, Bahr JM andKelley KW. Sickness behavior in birds caused by peripheral or central injection of endotoxin. Physiol Behav, 53: 343\u2013348. 1993. PMID:8446696, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90215-2","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90215-2"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[17] Tachibana T, Ogino M, Makino R, Khan MSI andCline MA. Lipopolysaccharide reduces food passage rate from the crop by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism in chickens. Br Poult Sci, 58: 100\u2013106. 2017. PMID:27871194, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071668.2016.1237768","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2016.1237768"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] Tachibana T, Ishimaru Y, Takeda K, Khan MSI, Makino R andCline MA. Physiological responses to central and peripheral injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in chicks. Br Poult Sci, 60: 64\u201370. 2019. PMID:30421962, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071668.2018.1547361","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2018.1547361"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] Tachibana T, Takeda K, Khan MSI, Makino R andCline MA. Effects of toll-like receptor-7 agonists on feeding behaviour, voluntary activity, cloacal temperature and crop emptying in chicks. Br Poult Sci, 61: 303\u2013310. 2020. PMID:31973574, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071668.2020.1720907","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2020.1720907"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[20] Tachibana T, Nakatani A, Islam Khan MS, Makino R andCline MA. Behavioral and physiological responses to intraperitoneal injection of zymosan in chicks. Domest Anim Endocrinol, 72: 106471. 2020. PMID:32279040, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106471"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] Tachibana T, Khan MSI, Makino R andCline MA. Behavioral and physiological responses to peripheral injection of flagellin in chicks. Physiol Behav, 237: 113433. 2021. PMID:33905808, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113433"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] Tachibana T, Takahashi M, Takeda K, Ogino M, Khan MSI, Makino R andCline MA. Effect of zymosan on feed passage in the digestive tract in chicks. Br Poult Sci, 62: 414\u2013423. 2021. PMID:33314959, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071668.2020.1863336","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2020.1863336"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] Takimoto T, Takahashi K, Sato K andAkiba Y. Molecular cloning and functional characterizations of chicken TL1A. Dev Comp Immunol, 29: 895\u2013905. 2005. PMID:15896842, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2005.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2005.03.002"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] Livak KJ andSchmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT Method. Methods, 25: 402\u2013408. 2001. PMID:11846609, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] Tachibana T, Matsuda K, Sawa H, Mikami A, Ueda H andCline MA. Differential thresholds of neuromedins B-, C-, and bombesin-induced anorexia and crop-emptying rate in chicks. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 169: 144\u2013150. 2010. PMID:20727356, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.08.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.08.006"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] Tachibana T, Ishimaru Y, Makino R, Khan SI andCline MA. Effect of central injection of tumor-necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A and interferons on food intake in chicks. Physiol Behav, 194: 199\u2013204. 2018. PMID:29775631, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.05.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.05.015"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[27] Guabiraba R, Rodrigues DR, Manna PT, Chollot M, Saint-Martin V, Trapp S, Oliveira M, Bryant CE andFerguson BJ. Mechanisms of type I interferon production by chicken TLR21. Dev Comp Immunol, 151: 105093. 2024. PMID:37951324, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2023.105093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2023.105093"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[28] Tachibana T, Kodama T, Yamane S, Makino R, Khan SI andCline MA. Possible role of central interleukins on the anorexigenic effect of lipopolysaccharide in chicks. Br Poult Sci, 58: 305\u2013311. 2017. PMID:28090781, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071668.2017.1280774","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2017.1280774"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[29] Marais M, Maloney SK andGray DA. Brain IL-6- and PG-dependent actions of IL-1\u03b2 and lipopolysaccharide in avian fever. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 301: R791\u2013R800. 2011. PMID:21677266, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00136.2011","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00136.2011"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[30] Robert A, Olafsson AS, Lancaster C andWei-rong Zhang Life Sci, 48: 123\u2013134. 1991. PMID:1825231, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90405-Z","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90405-Z"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[31] McCarthy DO. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha and interleukin-6 have differential effects on food intake and gastric emptying in fasted rats. Res Nurs Health, 23: 222\u2013228. 2000. PMID:10871537, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-240X(200006)23:3&lt;222::AID-NUR6&gt;3.0.CO;2-3","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200006)23:3<222::AID-NUR6>3.3.CO;2-V"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[32] Chen Y, Zhang J, Moore SA, Ballas ZK, Portanova JP, Krieg AM andBerg DJ. CpG DNA induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin production. Int Immunol, 13: 1013\u20131020. 2001. PMID:11470771, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intimm\/13.8.1013","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.8.1013"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[33] Utaisincharoen P, Anuntagool N, Chaisuriya P, Pichyangkul S andSirisinha S. CpG ODN activates NO and iNOS production in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264\u00b77. Clin Exp Immunol, 128: 467\u2013473. 2002. PMID:12067301, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01866.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01866.x"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[34] Katsu Y andIguchi T. Corticosteroids. In: Handbook of Hormones 1st edition (Takei Y, Ando H, Tsutsui K eds.), Academic Press, London, pp 525\u2013536, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801028-0.00095-7"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[35] Tachibana T, Okuyama H, Takahashi M, Khan S, Makino R andCline MA. Possible role of corticosterone on behavioral, physiological, and immune responses in chicks. Physiol Behav, 272: 114357. 2023. PMID:37741605, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114357"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[36] Bernardini R, Kamilaris TC, Calogero A, Johnson EO, Gomez MT, Gold PW andChrousos GP. Interactions between tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, and adrenocorticotropin secretion in the rat. Endocrinology, 126: 2876\u20132881. 1990. PMID:2161738, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo-126-6-2876","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-126-6-2876"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jpsa\/61\/0\/61_2024025\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T04:53:38Z","timestamp":1733547218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jpsa\/61\/0\/61_2024025\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2141\/jpsa.2024025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-7395","1349-0486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-7395","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-0486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"2024025"}}