{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:15:13Z","timestamp":1788344113489,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp140359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T19:08:19Z","timestamp":1432926499000},"page":"1013-1019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Role of intravenous immune globulin in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and<i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Punit J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexian Brokers Health System, Elk Grove Village, IL; at the time of writing he was Antimicrobial Utilization Review Pharmacist, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyati","family":"Vakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Services, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kabakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, IL, and Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Internal Medicine, Presence Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL; at the time of writing she was Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Internal Medicine, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, North Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b1-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02834.x","article-title":"Clinical uses of intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"142","author":"Jolles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b2-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1009433","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"367","author":"Gelfand","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b3-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.01.023","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for refractory and difficult to treat infections","volume":"125","author":"Ferrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b4-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.13.1094.31589","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjunctive treatment for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis: case report and review","volume":"19","author":"Cawley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b5-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.1.31","article-title":"Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988\u20131989","volume":"166","author":"Holm","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b6-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1086\/314872","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections: T1M1 isolates expressing pyrogenic exotoxins A and B in combination with selective lack of toxin-neutralizing antibodies are associated with increased risk of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome","volume":"180","author":"Eriksson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b7-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1086\/516220","article-title":"Antibody responses to clostridial infection in humans","volume":"25","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b8-0721013","first-page":"2593","volume-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes","author":"Bisno","year":"2010","edition":"7th"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b9-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3401","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system?","volume":"13","author":"Schwab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b10-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2013.3.4.249","article-title":"Adverse events of intravenous immunoglobulin infusions: a ten-year retrospective study","volume":"3","author":"Palabrica","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b11-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.4.367","article-title":"The therapeutic uses of intravenous immunoglobulins in autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Pyne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b12-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.015","article-title":"Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in human disease: a review of evidence by members of the primary immunodeficiency committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology","volume":"117","author":"Orange","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b13-0721013","volume-title":"Immune globulin","author":"Lexi-Drugs Online","year":"2014"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b14-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61142-8","article-title":"Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency","volume":"94","author":"Bonilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b15-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-08-302984","article-title":"The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"117","author":"Neunert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b16-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2182","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association","volume":"114","author":"Newburger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b17-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824de293","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"78","author":"Patwas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b18-0721013","unstructured":"Newfoundland Labrador Department of Health and Community Resources. Utilization of intravenous immunoglobulin. www.health.gov.nl.ca\/health\/index.html (accessed 2014 Oct 10)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b19-0721013","unstructured":"Wimperis J Lunn M Jones A . Clinical guidelines for immunoglobulin use: second edition update. www.ivig.nhs.uk\/clinicinfo.html (accessed 2014 Oct 10)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b20-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu444","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"59","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b21-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601253340407","article-title":"Streptococcal infections of skin and soft tissues","volume":"334","author":"Bisno","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b22-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.2","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcus infections","volume":"14","author":"Stevens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b23-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500030088038","article-title":"Defining the group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: rationale and consensus definition","volume":"269","author":"Working Group on Severe Streptococcal Infections","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b24-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1086\/606048","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin in children with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b25-0721013","first-page":"668","article-title":"Group A streptococcal infections","volume-title":"Red book","author":"Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2012","edition":"29th"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b26-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608223350803","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada","volume":"335","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b27-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000051060.95210.9A","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Florida","volume":"96","author":"Mulla","year":"2003","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b28-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199912000-00014","article-title":"Improved outcome of clindamycin compared with beta-lactam antibiotic treatment for invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection","volume":"18","author":"Zimbelman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b29-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu304","article-title":"Effectiveness of clindamycin and intravenous immunoglobulin, and risk of disease in contacts, in invasive group A streptococcal infections","volume":"59","author":"Carapetis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b30-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1086\/381979","article-title":"Differences in potency of intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin G against streptococcal and staphylococcal superantigens: implications for therapy of toxic shock syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Darenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b31-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.8.3057","article-title":"Plasma from patients with severe invasive group A streptococcal infections treated with normal polyspecific IgG inhibits streptococcal superantigen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production","volume":"156","author":"Norrby-Teglund","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b32-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1086\/376630","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Darenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b33-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1086\/515199","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome\u2014a comparative observational study","volume":"28","author":"Kaul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b34-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2008.10.003","article-title":"Puerperal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome treated with recombinant human activated protein C and intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"18","author":"Al-Rawi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b35-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540500373224","article-title":"An early favorable outcome of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome may require a combination of antimicrobial and intravenous gamma globulin therapy together with activated protein C","volume":"38","author":"Cone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b36-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410020866","article-title":"Successful management of severe group A streptococcal soft tissue infections using an aggressive medical regimen including intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin together with a conservative surgical approach","volume":"37","author":"Norrby-Teglund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b37-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.42.914","article-title":"Successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis due to group A streptococcus with impending toxic shock syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Owa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b38-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00304-X","article-title":"Adjunctive treatment of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome using intravenous immunoglobulin: case report and review","volume":"102","author":"Perez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b39-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.6.1469","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of intravenous human immunoglobulins in invasive group A streptococcal infections: case report and review","volume":"21","author":"Lamothe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b40-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480240077038","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for toxic shock syndrome","volume":"267","author":"Barry","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b41-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92548-8","article-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","volume":"343","author":"Yong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b42-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02113510","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with a combination of intravenous immunoglobulin, dexamethasone and antibiotics","volume":"25","author":"Chiu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b43-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2009.04.010","volume":"55","author":"McFee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clostridium difficile. Dis Mon"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b44-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.542","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile colitis: an observational study and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Abougergi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b45-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpsurg.2013.02.004","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"50","author":"Stanley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Probl Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b46-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09397","article-title":"The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"467","author":"Kuehne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b47-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1086\/651706","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b48-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.Supplement_2.S266","article-title":"Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a patient with selective IgG1 deficiency treated with intravenous immune globulin and Saccharomyces boulardii","volume":"20","author":"Hassett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b49-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.3.366","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile colitis","volume":"41","author":"Salcedo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b50-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.1995.11718419","article-title":"Gamma globulin administration in relapsing Clostridium difficile-induced pseudomembranous colitis with a defective antibody response to toxin A","volume":"50","author":"Warny","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b51-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1411-2","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a review","volume":"56","author":"Abougergi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b52-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.373","article-title":"Anti-Clostridium difficile bovine immunoglobulin concentrate inhibits cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity of C. difficile toxins","volume":"40","author":"Kelly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b53-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.3.1192-1195.1991","article-title":"Protection against experimental pseudomembranous colitis gnotobiotic mice by use of monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxin A","volume":"59","author":"Corthier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b54-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.12.2984-2992.1987","article-title":"Immunization of adult hamsters against Clostridium difficile-associated ileocecitis and transfer of protection to infant hamsters","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b55-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.6.2215-2218.1991","article-title":"Passive immunization of hamsters against disease caused by Clostridium difficile by use of bovine immunoglobulin G concentrate","volume":"59","author":"Lyerly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b56-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83393-1","article-title":"Treatment with intravenously administered gamma globulin of chronic relapsing colitis induced by Clostridium difficile toxin","volume":"118","author":"Leung","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b57-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00036.x","article-title":"Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the feces and the antibody in sera of young and elderly adults","volume":"25","author":"Nakamura","year":"1981","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b58-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907635","article-title":"Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins","volume":"362","author":"Lowy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b59-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.06.007","article-title":"Clinical outcome of intravenous immune globulin in severe Clostridium-difficile associated diarrhea","volume":"35","author":"Juang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b60-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0511-8","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe, refractory, and recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea","volume":"49","author":"McPherson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b61-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulaziz S Abou-Shala N Al-Tarifi A Amin R . Salvage immunotherapy for fulminant pseudomembranous colitis. http:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/content\/2013\/bcr-2013-008786.long (accessed 2015 Jan 21).","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-008786"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b62-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2007.03.001","article-title":"Use of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile colitis","volume":"5","author":"Hassoun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Pharmacother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b63-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.3.456","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea","volume":"51","author":"Beales","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b64-0721013","first-page":"353","article-title":"Successful treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis with intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"17","author":"Koulaouzidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b65-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afi212","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for resistant Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"35","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b66-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.10.2011.5052","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis","author":"Shahani","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b67-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.355","article-title":"Single immunoglobulin infusion can reverse hemodynamic failure associated with severe Clostridium difficile colitis","volume":"104","author":"Sokol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041008312133400_b68-0721013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh176","article-title":"Descriptive study of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea","volume":"53","author":"Wilcox","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/72\/12\/1013\/28317917\/ajhp1013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:13:40Z","timestamp":1691712820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article\/72\/12\/1013\/5111676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2146\/ajhp140359","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2082","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-2900","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]}}}