{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:16:13Z","timestamp":1791303373428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIA"],"DOI":"10.2147\/cia.s607232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:25:15Z","timestamp":1781713515000},"page":"1-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Artificial Intelligence for Osteoporosis Diagnosis, Risk Prediction and Therapy: Current Advances, Clinical Challenges, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 21","author":[{"given":"Zhaochen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5802-8063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuxi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanhao","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenya","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4273-506X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lanfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115654","volume":"259","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788788","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1788788","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100707","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.6003","volume":"334","author":"Morin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"About Osteoporosis | International Osteoporosis Foundation. Available from: https:\/\/www.osteoporosis.foundation\/patients\/about-osteoporosis. Accessed December 11, 2025"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-024-00980-7","volume":"28","author":"Thuilier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5416","volume":"196","author":"Lorente-Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01385-6","volume":"406","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07634-7","volume":"36","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.4c02264","volume":"65","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2021.9563956","volume":"58","author":"Strickland","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Spectr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew D, Shukla VK, Chaubey A, et al. Artificial intelligence: hope for future or hype by intellectuals? In: 2021 9th Int Conf Reliab Infocom Technol Optim Trends Future Dir ICRITO. 2021. p. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRITO51393.2021.9596410"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2025.189432","volume":"1880","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2025.101271","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77110","DOI":"10.2196\/77110","volume":"27","author":"Cabello","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5cc04998a","author":"Ekambaram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem Commun Camb Engl"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"e16857","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater Deerfield Beach Fla"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65923-5","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106292","volume":"165","author":"Barreto LS da","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.70229","author":"Abedeen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03411-6","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117238","volume":"286","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07555-2","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13487","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2026.112880","volume":"200","author":"Katagiri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-021-00701-y","volume":"19","author":"Pedoia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62010027","volume":"62","author":"Conforti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"The evolution and impact of artificial intelligence its applications, challenges, and future directions: a review. In: IEEE Conference Publication; IEEE Xplore."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das S, Roy R, Sarkar A, et al. Revolutionizing healthcare: synergistic integration of genomics, clinical decision support systems, and advanced machine learning for precision medicine. In: 2025 AI-Driven smart healthc soc 50. 2025. p. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF64992.2025.10963134"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang C, Xin S. Research status and prospects of deep learning in medical images. In: 2020 Int Conf Commun Inf Syst Comput Eng CISCE. 2020. p. 380\u2013382.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISCE50729.2020.00084"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2025.110919","volume":"218","author":"Clive","year":"2025","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-12445-2","volume":"40","author":"Nghiem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02345116","volume":"43","author":"Riener","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11368-7","volume":"58","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100379","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1145\/2347736.2347755","volume":"55","author":"Domingos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"What is Machine Learning? | IBM. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/think\/topics\/machine-learning. Accessed December 14, 2025."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.04.016","volume":"24","author":"Nian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2023.1860","volume":"39","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Seoul Korea"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100264","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.202100264","volume":"41","author":"Hung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Inform"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204084","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00802-8","volume":"15","author":"Shim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01626-z","volume":"25","author":"Tarighatnia","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-024-07179-1","volume":"35","author":"Paderno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.11.009","volume":"119","author":"Kavitha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05887-6","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08463-8","volume":"33","author":"Galbusera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Spine J off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1971026","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117820","volume":"291","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472354","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1472354","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73799-6","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347219","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1347219","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83231-8","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000542396","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117317","volume":"190","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-024-01455-7","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2025.105322","volume":"176","author":"Woo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2025.2518","volume":"40","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Seoul Korea"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-025-00921-6","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70189","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging JMRI"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699762","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1699762","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2722-9","volume":"23","author":"Pulkkinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2023.102639","volume":"143","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4477","volume":"37","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115561","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.09.002","volume":"43","author":"Sapthagirivasan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4328-1","volume":"29","author":"Areeckal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.111980","volume":"184","author":"Gharehmohammadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75549-0","volume":"14","author":"Naguib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000605241274576","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241274576","volume":"52","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69119-7","volume":"14","author":"Sarmadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"3","volume":"33","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J X-Ray Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0334664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334664","volume":"20","author":"Muhammad","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24338-4","volume":"15","author":"Qureshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e231937","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.231937","volume":"311","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-024-01372-9","volume":"19","author":"Asamoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-02030-2","volume":"48","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2025.101604","volume":"28","author":"Ohta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom off J Int Soc Clin Densitom"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117618","volume":"201","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70336","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70336","volume":"26","author":"Iwao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-025-01609-1","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-019-03342-6","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25779-x","volume":"12","author":"Hsieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971877","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.971877","volume":"13","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2022.02.020","volume":"29","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4814","volume":"38","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.04.023","volume":"30","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.70000","volume":"43","author":"Moro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Off Publ Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjaf050","volume":"40","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13039","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96949-w","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11285-3","volume":"15","author":"Tamai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-025-01672-1","volume":"44","author":"Boonrod","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160076","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160076","volume":"45","author":"Kavitha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170006","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170006","volume":"46","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170344","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170344","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105301","volume":"188","author":"Alzubaidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220135","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220135","volume":"51","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220108","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220108","volume":"51","author":"Tassoker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10150-x","volume":"12","author":"Sukegawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-025-00528-3","volume":"21","author":"Yadalam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2025.09.022","volume":"141","author":"Roebers","year":"2026","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111534","volume":"10","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99549-6","volume":"11","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"846","volume":"57","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Kaunas Lith"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104298","volume":"132","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-05033-x","volume":"55","author":"Acosta-Batlle","year":"2026","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.10.011","volume":"91","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref110","unstructured":"Osteoporosis prediction from hand X-ray images using segmentation-for-classification and self-supervised learning. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41006333\/. Accessed May 9, 2026."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112507","volume":"194","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1502-3","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-024-07378-w","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117107","volume":"184","author":"Yen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2024.2211","volume":"40","author":"Quagliato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Seoul Korea"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01056-8","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slast.2024.100149","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"SLAS Technol"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13326","volume":"21","author":"Ashok Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.01.013","volume":"110","author":"Troy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.05.011","volume":"98","author":"Tomita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0247330","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247330","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06677-0","volume":"30","author":"Yasaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"1772","volume":"9","author":"Namatevs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tomogr Ann Arbor Mich"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107916","volume":"170","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06491-y","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.110728","volume":"161","author":"Breit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06900-w","volume":"35","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25014","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73709-w","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07903-2","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296047","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1296047","volume":"15","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2024.111521","volume":"177","author":"Tong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.08.030","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.11.062","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.09.015","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.02.041","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.105901","volume":"199","author":"Kuo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.07.060","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-025-05067-1","volume":"55","author":"Wei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09540-2","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Spine J off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16230","volume":"50","author":"Tariq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.10.035","volume":"31","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-02004-z","volume":"130","author":"Adarve-Castro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-025-01579-4","volume":"20","author":"Paukovitsch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-025-05213-2","volume":"51","author":"Sarquis Serpa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05673-w","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8189","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218189","volume":"22","author":"Dzier\u017cak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-023-01469-0","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.04.022","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25789","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Off Publ Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01240-5","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4274\/dir.2023.232116","volume":"30","author":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7ilo\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol Ank Turk"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22171","volume":"76","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-023-02910-5","volume":"18","author":"Sebro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08631-x","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06679-y","volume":"30","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230047","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20230047","volume":"96","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e242133","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.242133","volume":"314","author":"Hathaway","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07312-8","volume":"31","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45824-7","volume":"14","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117321","volume":"192","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.08.009","volume":"81","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01837-z","volume":"45","author":"Biamonte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08235-4","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001437","volume":"47","author":"Yoshida","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.1.SPINE24900","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112555","volume":"194","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-026-09753-z","volume":"35","author":"Hiyama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11046-2","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref169","first-page":"1364","volume":"10","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioeng Basel Switz"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01743-9","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38943-8","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-024-07029-0","volume":"35","author":"Praveen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.11.024","volume":"78","author":"Huppertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26280","volume":"49","author":"Ferizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging JMRI"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2018.11.012","volume":"94","author":"Vogl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103457","volume":"114","author":"Mohanty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2025.107845","volume":"159","author":"Ferguson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-3012-y","volume":"26","author":"Thomsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510010","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1510010","volume":"16","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968397","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.968397","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17075-w","volume":"7","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10134","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2000746","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02081-2","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20462-3","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0857-9","volume":"17","author":"Bersanelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20253294","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20253019","volume":"9","author":"Keenan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Top Life Sci"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbaf601","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf601","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbaf541","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaf541","volume":"26","author":"Zubair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8833","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5c00386","volume":"65","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108912","volume":"180","author":"Ziaastani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8851421","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8851421","volume":"2021","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000991","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000991","volume":"6","author":"Guan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14064","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref194","first-page":"1065","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-024-01872-0","volume":"17","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53843-6","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118886","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1118886","volume":"14","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38042","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038042","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14172","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00844-z","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189513","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1189513","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07512-z","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84926-8","volume":"15","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257343","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03675-0","volume":"31","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86536-0","volume":"11","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18141","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18141","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-023-10390-0","volume":"61","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955441","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955441","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50488-4","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0348515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0348515","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e162","volume":"38","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103865","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113033","volume":"214","author":"Lv","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref215","first-page":"bjo\u20132024","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-025-01060-w","author":"Tun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104371","volume":"148","author":"Doppalapudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4292","volume":"36","author":"Smets","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.6.1321","volume":"54","author":"Yoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.105889","volume":"199","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05735-z","volume":"32","author":"de Vries","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00880-x","volume":"109","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05840-w","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95928-5","volume":"15","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611499","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1611499","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112819","volume":"208","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-21-00775","volume":"30","author":"Klemt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04596-z","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110666","volume":"196","author":"Mateo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110474","volume":"155","author":"Sebro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae109","volume":"97","author":"Sebro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03502-9","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69090-3","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2026.111853","volume":"417","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.1999.125","volume":"37","author":"Queralt\u00f3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347223","volume":"28","author":"Sadatsafavi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2251849","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.51849","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40179","DOI":"10.2196\/40179","volume":"25","author":"Suh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06913-5","volume":"35","author":"Hung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00271-8","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Aging"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70738","DOI":"10.2196\/70738","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.107028","volume":"225","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2025.2527686","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103780","volume":"118","author":"Bonaccorsi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117745","volume":"204","author":"Sugawara","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23184-y","volume":"12","author":"Fasihi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00153-0","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.11.002","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillo-Fac Surg off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-Fac Surg"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12336\/biomatertransl.2024.01.001","volume":"5","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Transl"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabo2626","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo2626","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124184","volume":"333","author":"Qiu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0150","DOI":"10.34133\/bmef.0150","volume":"6","author":"Prakashan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BME Front"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S551572","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf052","volume":"55","author":"Querrer","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75965","DOI":"10.2196\/75965","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Interventions in Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/116485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/116485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:25:25Z","timestamp":1781713525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/artificial-intelligence-for-osteoporosis-diagnosis-risk-prediction-and-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CIA"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":255,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/cia.s607232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-1998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-1998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}