{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:54:06Z","timestamp":1789480446965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CLEP"],"DOI":"10.2147\/clep.s468572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T01:25:16Z","timestamp":1721870716000},"page":"501-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Confounding and Negative Control Methods in Observational Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness: A Nationwide, Population-Based Danish Health Registry Study"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 16","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"Obel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-8944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Malte","family":"Tetens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyra","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ullum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4299-7040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henrik","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003874","volume":"18","author":"Gram","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119451","volume":"386","author":"Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00732-0","volume":"23","author":"Tsang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2208343","volume":"387","author":"Chalkias","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2213948","volume":"388","author":"Collier","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00479-7","volume":"21","author":"Pollard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1154-y","volume":"15","author":"Remschmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi274","volume":"35","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt124","volume":"178","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10071009","volume":"10","author":"P\u00e1link\u00e1s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.06.014","volume":"62","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi275","volume":"35","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/m21-4269","volume":"176","author":"Hulme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac015","volume":"191","author":"Kahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5623","volume":"32","author":"Levintow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000000504","volume":"27","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-020-00243-4","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.S179083","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0281972","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281972","volume":"18","author":"Gram","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.17142","volume":"22","author":"Overvad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k1998","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1998","volume":"361","author":"Obel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5462.2398","volume":"287","author":"Frank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3","volume":"29","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00575-4","volume":"397","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.17.20155-en","volume":"17","author":"Grove Krause","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00008","volume":"10","author":"Greenland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm0620","volume":"375","author":"Cohn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-83","volume":"11","author":"Thygesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab366","volume":"115","author":"Cruijsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.10.026","volume":"23","author":"Levine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.S206771","volume":"15","author":"Hoyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00790-x","volume":"397","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30895-3","volume":"13","author":"Chemaitelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200797","volume":"386","author":"Abu-Raddad","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17985","volume":"328","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17876","volume":"328","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38261.496366.82","volume":"329","author":"Vaugelade","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Clinical Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article_sign_file.php?article_id=94528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article_sign_file.php?article_id=94528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T01:25:19Z","timestamp":1721870719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/confounding-and-negative-control-methods-in-observational-study-of-sar-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CLEP"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/clep.s468572","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-1349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-1349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}