{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T15:45:01Z","timestamp":1780674301809,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DDDT"],"DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.s282252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T22:22:12Z","timestamp":1605651732000},"page":"5045-5058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["&lt;p&gt;Repurposing Anti-Cancer Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment&lt;\/p&gt;"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 14","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Borcherding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Jethava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9193-9889","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Praveen","family":"Vikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pneumonia of Unknown Cause - China; 2020."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007016","volume":"382","author":"Grein","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2015301","author":"Goldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16349","volume":"324","author":"Spinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4742","author":"Kalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001282","volume":"382","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.22.20137273","author":"Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref11","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ (Medical Sci)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410","volume":"382","author":"Geleris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2016638","volume":"383","author":"Boulware","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1849","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1849","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104787","volume":"178","author":"Caly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004168117","volume":"117","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30141-9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.169","volume":"12","author":"Bertolini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.27.20114371","author":"Pantziarka","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.062","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Geneva; 2020."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"368","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.120.047430","volume":"142","author":"Poissy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06062-x","volume":"46","author":"Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","author":"Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006000","volume":"135","author":"Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14854","volume":"18","author":"Ranucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06057-8","volume":"46","author":"Copin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.04.007","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0470-4","volume":"33","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0020","volume":"8","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0028","volume":"23","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02339-3","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref36","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa449","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25801","volume":"92","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001907","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005615117","volume":"117","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102568","volume":"19","author":"Toniati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100418","volume":"24","author":"Kewan","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e474","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30173-9","volume":"2","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.19918","volume":"1","author":"Carey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jak-Stat"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0891-0","volume":"34","author":"La Ros\u00e9e","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30132-8","volume":"20","author":"Stebbing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02496-13","volume":"58","author":"Gavegnano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.11.006","volume":"188","author":"Boor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.052","volume":"S0163\u20134453","author":"Cantini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12234","volume":"175","author":"Migita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.005","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2314","volume":"8","author":"Sadler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002352","volume":"8","author":"Welsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31042-4","volume":"395","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-005-1319-7","volume":"27","author":"Sleijfer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm World Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519020-00002","author":"Raison","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0302-9","volume":"74","author":"Keating","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.016","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.05.030","volume":"430","author":"Borcherding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2019-0299","volume":"12","author":"Bersanelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Futur Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039","volume":"380","author":"Cortese","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1422","volume":"101","author":"Qin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.03.005","volume":"29","author":"Halama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1086\/652190","volume":"201","author":"Jacobson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013339","volume":"346","author":"Savage","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8924","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01429-16","volume":"90","author":"Coleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.14.290","volume":"11","author":"Popat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Futur Oncol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4128","volume":"22","author":"Eichner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.6.1675","volume":"177","author":"Moreira","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"210","volume":"98","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood, J Am Soc Hematol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05286.x","volume":"128","author":"Hayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.11.1885","volume":"187","author":"Haslett","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1086\/368126","volume":"187","author":"Haslett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref74","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"pneumonia"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006288","volume":"135","author":"Treon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509981","volume":"374","author":"Byrd","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref77","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07422-4","volume":"353","author":"Alexandroff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903455","volume":"381","author":"Chari","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01171","volume":"8","author":"Mathew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30442-3","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Drug Design, Development and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=63904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=63904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T22:22:19Z","timestamp":1605651739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/repurposing-anti-cancer-drugs-for-covid-19-treatment-peer-reviewed-article-DDDT"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":81,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dddt.s282252","relation":{},"ISSN":["1177-8881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1177-8881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}