{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:35:21Z","timestamp":1791689721685,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IDR"],"DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s306688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T18:13:21Z","timestamp":1623608001000},"page":"2201-2212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Characterisation of ESKAPE Pathogens with Special Reference to Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm Production in a Nepalese Hospital"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-376X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosy","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-7319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shyam Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01250.x","volume":"163","author":"Coates","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3380","volume":"13","author":"Blair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit020","volume":"56","author":"Molton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1145","volume":"10","author":"Levy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6809e1","volume":"68","author":"Kourtis","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"224","volume":"12","author":"Khanal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nepal Med College J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-98","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"208","volume":"10","author":"Mishra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.12","volume":"11","author":"Pendleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/595011","volume":"48","author":"Boucher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.012","volume":"46","author":"Shrestha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7047","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197047","volume":"21","author":"Browne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-014-0694-5","volume":"70","author":"Mishra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"549","volume":"138","author":"Praharaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Microbiological Techniques & Methods-Laboratory Manuals. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. M100S: Wayne, Pennsylvania; 2016. 26th ed. 100\u2013121."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit395","volume":"57","author":"Tamma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02130-10","volume":"49","author":"Garrec","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00879-06","volume":"44","author":"Franklin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.6.996-1006.1985","volume":"22","author":"Christensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.19890","volume":"24","author":"Mathur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185920","volume":"12","author":"Akpaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"356","volume":"4","author":"Peter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pharma Bio Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2475067","volume":"2016","author":"Santajit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0222-z","volume":"6","author":"Parajuli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance. World Health Organization; 2014:383\u2013394."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"WHO priority pathogens list for R&D of new antibiotics; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/27-02-2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed. Accessed June 26, 2019."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3126\/tujm.v4i0.21678","volume":"4","author":"Pandeya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3126\/ijim.v1i1.6639","volume":"1","author":"Mishra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/452648","author":"Ansari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8763135","author":"Parajuli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3126\/jcmsn.v6i1.3595","volume":"6","author":"Sanjana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Coll Med Sci Nepal"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1106.041204","volume":"11","author":"Willems","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"125","volume":"16","author":"Amatya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nepal Med College J"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"250","volume":"9","author":"Acharya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nepal Med College J"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1772","volume":"39","author":"Miele","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2303-2306.2005","volume":"43","author":"Ko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1159\/000346352","volume":"58","author":"Llaca-D\u00edaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.07.008","volume":"67","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01161.x","volume":"11","author":"Rossolini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3126\/tujm.v4i0.21677","volume":"4","author":"Pathak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tribhuvan Univ J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5799\/ahinjs.02.2015.02.0179","volume":"5","author":"Raut","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-017-0236-7","volume":"16","author":"Nepal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/572163","volume":"1","author":"Bhandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-13","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2019.58.01.15","volume":"58","author":"Bedeni\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta clinica Croatica"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.029","volume":"17","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04808-14","volume":"59","author":"Penwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.127280","volume":"5","author":"Shashwati","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3126\/ijasbt.v2i4.11123","volume":"2","author":"Ghimire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.133030","volume":"24","author":"Nepal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v15i2.1053","volume":"15","author":"Thapa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3126\/njst.v13i2.7736","volume":"13","author":"Bhandari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nepal J Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112","volume":"112","author":"Van","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic\/Antimicrobial Resistance, food and Food animals; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/food.html. Accessed June 20, 2020."},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"Madlen D, Stocktona B Health Ministry bans sale, distribution of antibiotic Colistin for food producing animals; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/news\/science\/health-ministry-bans-sale-distribution-of-antibiotic-colistin-for-food-producing-animals\/article28627093.ece. Accessed July 21, 2019."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0027","volume":"25","author":"Cepas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbial Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-47","volume":"13","author":"Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3030743","volume":"3","author":"Vuotto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathogens"}],"container-title":["Infection and Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=70467","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=70467","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T18:13:32Z","timestamp":1623608012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/characterisation-of-eskape-pathogens-with-special-reference-to-multidr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/idr.s306688","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.18490\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1178-6973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-6973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}