{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T19:23:00Z","timestamp":1772306580799,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IDR"],"DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s337485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T15:30:55Z","timestamp":1637163055000},"page":"4833-4847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-2338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erdaw","family":"Tachbele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0444-5608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Kyobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred Ashaba","family":"Katabazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Kigozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-2315","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Savannah","family":"Mwesigwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Joloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-4020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alebachew","family":"Messele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-3966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wondwossen","family":"Amogne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengistu","family":"Legesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rembert","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-2816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gobena","family":"Ameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. HIV Drug Resistance Report 2019. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2019. 2019 (WHO\/CDS\/ HIV\/19.21). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00536-8","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"EFMH. National Guidelines for Comprehensive HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health(FMOH); 2014."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"EPHI. HIV Related Estimates and Projections for Ethiopia\u20132017. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Public Health Institute; 2017."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i1.1S","volume":"27","author":"Barnabas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-181","volume":"14","author":"Abdissa","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-28","volume":"14","author":"Mulu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141318","volume":"10","author":"Mulu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Abegaz W. Genomic characterization of HIV-1 isolates from Ethiopian patients: baseline studies on antiretroviral drug resistance and sub-type variations. A Thesis Submitted to the school of Graduate Studies of the Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Microbiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2011."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"3","volume":"17","author":"Ssemwanga","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0133","volume":"35","author":"Lo Presti","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121072","volume":"9","author":"Giovanetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000344","volume":"12","author":"Parikha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6824","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01490-15","volume":"59","author":"Lapointe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1086\/596736","volume":"199","author":"Simen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010952","volume":"5","author":"Lataillade","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.11.008","volume":"240","author":"Huber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000267","volume":"28","author":"Mohamed","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01258","volume":"6","author":"Ode","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.04.022","volume":"221","author":"Thys","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0458-7","volume":"16","author":"Verbist","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2014.11.003","volume":"212","author":"Ram","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"UNDP-EUE. Preliminary examination of major factors affecting subsistence economy of South Omo Zone and Konso special wereda in South-western Ethiopia\u201d UNDP-EUE Report, May 1996. 1996."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"CSA. Ethiopia-population and housing census of 2007. Central statistics agency -Ministry of Finance and Economic Development 2007; ETH_PHC-v01_M, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2007."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70328-7","volume":"10","author":"Barth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"QIAGEN. QIAamp\u00ae viral RNA mini handbook for purification of viral RNA from plasma, serum, cell-free body fluids, and cell-culture supernatants. 2014."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01043-13","volume":"79","author":"Kozich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1086\/503914","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg100","volume":"31","author":"Rhee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105736","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105736","volume":"9","author":"Barennes","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"406","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"132","volume":"24","author":"Wensing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1997.13.1071","volume":"13","author":"Abebe","year":"1997","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0380","volume":"32","author":"Amogne","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Mulu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833999e1","volume":"24","author":"Tully","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"33","volume":"89","author":"Abar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0161-z","volume":"14","author":"Etta","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2437","volume":"18","author":"Stadeli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12717","volume":"21","author":"Ndahimana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52155","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052155","volume":"7","author":"de Mulder","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.10.020","volume":"66","author":"Karadea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145772","volume":"10","author":"Rhee","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2174\/157016212802429785","volume":"10","author":"Sinha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis254","volume":"54","author":"Hamers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.7","volume":"6","author":"Ibe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X14666160401131426","volume":"14","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.10.001","volume":"50","author":"Metznera","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199610090-00007","volume":"10","author":"Kuritzkes","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2479983","volume":"246","author":"Larder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.5.1934","volume":"89","author":"Kellam","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5930","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.9.5930-5934.1996","volume":"70","author":"Harrigan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1086\/378281","volume":"188","author":"Whitcomb","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.9.2475-2484.2000","volume":"44","author":"Bacheler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01032-06","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05487-11","volume":"56","author":"Melikian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5917","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01151-15","volume":"59","author":"Margot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300211","volume":"13","author":"Mascolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-11-9","volume":"11","author":"Hassan","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0035","volume":"24","author":"Goldman","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt033","volume":"66","author":"Assoumou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit323","volume":"57","author":"Boulle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12400","volume":"18","author":"Rossouw","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Med"}],"container-title":["Infection and Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=75936","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=75936","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T16:56:26Z","timestamp":1673801786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/genetic-diversity-and-acquired-drug-resistance-mutations-detected-by-d-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/idr.s337485","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-6973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-6973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}