{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:54:16Z","timestamp":1788900856883,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJN"],"DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s531933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:00:12Z","timestamp":1767700812000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with 6-Gingerol: A Bioinspired Approach to Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Therapy"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-9397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chinnaperumal","family":"Kamaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dede Heri Yuli","family":"Yanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8895-1796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vinoth","family":"Kumarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid A","family":"Al-Ghanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vetriselvan","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5869-0804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ling","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cittrarsu","family":"Vetrivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01213-z","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20503121211034366","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211034366","volume":"9","author":"Debela","year":"2021","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.027","volume":"49","author":"Ferlay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010048","volume":"12","author":"Basak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2020.100682","volume":"50","author":"Dallavalle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3599","volume":"13","author":"Holohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.02.018","volume":"364","author":"Nedungadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"36","volume":"4","author":"Mashhadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173955","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.9734\/JAMB\/2020\/v20i230214","volume":"20","author":"Osaro-Matthew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adv Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26687","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04227K","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.17179\/excli2019-2008","volume":"19","author":"Chatupheeraphat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Excli J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520620666200128114215","volume":"20","author":"Karatay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8166","volume":"38","author":"Damare","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-018-0482-6","volume":"12","author":"Manatunga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem Cent J"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07667-9","volume":"50","author":"Kazazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7291","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S146315","volume":"12","author":"Fakhar Ud Din","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.116516","volume":"334","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00365","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113418","volume":"190","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13050876","volume":"13","author":"Spoiala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2023-0020","volume":"14","author":"Malik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Deliv"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2024.112835","volume":"207","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05416-4","author":"Mathur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26039","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b08555","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24722","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04273D","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2021.109107","volume":"136","author":"Nejati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inorg Chem Commun"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2024.104037","volume":"46","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surf"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Bioengineering Applications","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-0221-3_5"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110617","volume":"109","author":"Abdel-Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800205","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201800205","volume":"14","author":"Anicic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2020.127792","volume":"271","author":"Anand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136521","volume":"713","author":"Verma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-019-1963-5","volume":"43","author":"Maji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull Mater Sci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-6632.20140313s00002813","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Chem Eng"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2018.07.009","volume":"29","author":"El-Sayyad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Powder Technol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015402","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/abd421","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater Res Express"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6412","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB00992B","volume":"7","author":"Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2012.02.010","volume":"8","author":"Di","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24610","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm35087d","volume":"22","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0754-8","volume":"175","author":"Moeini-Nodeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105082","volume":"89","author":"Derakhshankhah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Technol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11030695","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.097","volume":"142","author":"El-Sawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"536","volume":"1","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1556\/JPC.17.2004.4.7","volume":"17","author":"Male\u0161","year":"2004","journal-title":"JPC-J Planar Chromatogr"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106585","volume":"105","author":"Kamaraj","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Technol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126399","volume":"403","author":"Hamza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050444","volume":"8","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9081136","volume":"9","author":"Foudah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200900629","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.12.052","volume":"126","author":"Zhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102103","volume":"61","author":"Da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Technol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.011","volume":"141","author":"Ramanujam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol B Biol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40995-016-0076-x","volume":"42","author":"Dobrucka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Sci Technol Trans"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"10815","volume":"12","author":"Coates","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2020.e00305","volume":"8","author":"Taourati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Afr"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2018.11.001","volume":"190","author":"Karthik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol B Biol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127399","volume":"412","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Chem Eng"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2018.11.014","volume":"190","author":"Pugazhendhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol B Biol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105346","volume":"9","author":"Fouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40097-014-0146-6","volume":"5","author":"Safaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nanostruct"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40543-019-0185-1","volume":"10","author":"Lekota","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anal Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7050372","volume":"7","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03943","volume":"6","author":"Alsharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11010095","volume":"11","author":"El-Belely","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterial"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030341","volume":"11","author":"Lashin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecul"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02897474","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Niger Chin Sci Bull"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40089-014-0093-8","volume":"4","author":"Raliya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Nano Lett"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-021-00119-0","volume":"19","author":"Ammulu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Genet Eng Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.22452\/mnij.vol2no2.4","volume":"2","author":"Sami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malays NANO Inter J"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.11.225","volume":"362","author":"Hamza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Chem Eng"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b00738","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem Eng"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2016.10.018","volume":"185","author":"Jurado-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125220","volume":"402","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.02.108","volume":"441","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30785","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA05755J","volume":"10","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03574-7","volume":"201","author":"Adhim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-010-0740-0","volume":"16","author":"Wahab","year":"2011","journal-title":"JBIC J Biol Inorg Chem"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.115602","volume":"330","author":"Goorabjavari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593014","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/593014","author":"Namvar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201020666190119142331","volume":"20","author":"Almatroudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02440-9","volume":"60","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21431","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-04252-3","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefin"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"844","volume":"9","author":"El-Gammal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J ChemTech Res"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822368-0.00003-7","author":"Ratan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Recent Adv Microb Diversity"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075832","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1075832","volume":"9","author":"Kamal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8537","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S174530","volume":"13","author":"Kedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106020","volume":"66","author":"Imath","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nanomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/110640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/110640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:00:15Z","timestamp":1767700815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/magnesium-oxide-nanoparticles-loaded-with-6-gingerol-a-bioinspired-app-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":92,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s531933","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-2013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-2013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}