{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:29:18Z","timestamp":1789504158151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJN"],"DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s540578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:15:10Z","timestamp":1763464510000},"page":"13877-13909","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Antiretroviral Drug Delivery Systems for HIV Treatment and Prevention: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-0768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gitishree","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6061-5988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han-Seung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4118-4355","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jayanta Kumar","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.02.010","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112405","volume":"213","author":"Soundararajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92740-9","volume":"318","author":"Hymes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Control CfD. Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men-New York City and California. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1981;3:305."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"JUNP. The Urgency of Now: AIDS at a Crossroads (2024 GLOBAL AIDS UPDATE). Vol. 2024. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS; 2024."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/72309","volume":"6","author":"Baba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2014.06.001","volume":"28","author":"Pau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8900","volume":"316","author":"G\u00fcnthard","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000168","volume":"10","author":"Trezza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000164","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165706","volume":"323","author":"Richman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.04.014","volume":"138","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"What Is Nanotechnology and Why Does It Matter?: From Science to Ethics","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeil SE. Unique benefits of nanotechnology to drug delivery and diagnostics. Characterization Nanopart Intended Drug Deliv. 2011:3\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-198-1_1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2022-0248","volume":"18","author":"Asl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwnano.2023.100027","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Trends"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.1","volume":"5","author":"Mamo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163816666190620111652","volume":"17","author":"Oti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Drug Discov Technol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2009.11.020","volume":"62","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2016-0381","volume":"12","author":"Aikins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.15.160","volume":"10","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Cancer IAfRo. Human immunodeficiency viruses and human T-cell lymphotropic viruses. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human T-Cell Lymphotropicvirus. 1996:424."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199311000-00001","volume":"7","author":"Levy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb785","volume":"11","author":"Briggs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12162","volume":"497","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12101351","volume":"12","author":"Masenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7915856","volume":"265","author":"Marlink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510170073033","volume":"270","author":"De Cock","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69157-5","volume":"368","author":"Simon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041196","volume":"200","author":"Mehandru","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11708","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11708-11717.2003","volume":"77","author":"Guadalupe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2007.1","volume":"1","author":"Brenchley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jve.2022.100073","volume":"8","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virus Eradication"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106186","volume":"56","author":"Kufel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708806","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.708806","volume":"12","author":"Umotoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808063390612","volume":"339","author":"Michaels","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1086\/313598","volume":"30","author":"Giudici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinl Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.010","volume":"33","author":"De Clercq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spreen W, Ford SL, Chen S, et al. GSK1265744 pharmacokinetics in plasma and tissue after single-dose long-acting injectable administration in healthy subjects. Paper presented at: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes; 2014.","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000301"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"FDA-Approved HIV Medicines. The following table lists HIV medicines recommended for the treatment of HIV infection in the United States, based on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) HIV and AIDS medical practice guidelines. All of these drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2025. Available from: https:\/\/hivinfo.nih.gov\/understanding-hiv\/fact-sheets\/fda-approved-hiv-medicines. Accessed April 03, 2025."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/427192","volume":"191","author":"Harrigan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1086\/518250","volume":"195","author":"Chun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X13666150407142539","volume":"13","author":"Sarmati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr HIV res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2011.543673","volume":"8","author":"Khalil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Delivery"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S6882","author":"Saksena","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS-Res Palliative Care"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3152","volume":"16","author":"Chun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100408","volume":"82","author":"Robinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"6","volume":"108","author":"Fauci","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Am Phys"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"18","volume":"9","author":"Saste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195905","volume":"26","author":"Adepu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2013.762354","volume":"10","author":"Nagpal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Delivery"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120001481","volume":"28","author":"Lockman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00116","volume":"115","author":"Min","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.03.020","volume":"113","author":"Hoffart","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"173","volume":"39","author":"All\u00e9mann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2012.11.002","volume":"5","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Int Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/21691401.2014.883400","volume":"43","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101220","volume":"53","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Drug Delivery Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0392-8","volume":"16","author":"Patra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2217\/17469600.1.1.49","volume":"1","author":"Shahiwala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future HIV Therapy"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.02.013","volume":"39","author":"Raina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drug Delivery Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.03.034","volume":"45","author":"Galal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S124692","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.01.014","volume":"138","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2012.680509","volume":"29","author":"Pattnaik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Microencapsul"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.05.020","volume":"395","author":"Mainardes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21406","volume":"98","author":"Mainardes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharmaceut Sci"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-006-9101-7","volume":"23","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1616553","volume":"47","author":"Kurd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref70","unstructured":"Vats R, Ravi PR, Aditya N. Polymeric nanoparticles of lopinavir to improve its oral bioavailability. Paper presented at: proceeding of: The 39th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the Controlled Release society; 2012."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X113119990043","volume":"11","author":"Aghasadeghi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.06.007","volume":"44","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.002","volume":"1840","author":"Ramana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S62673","author":"Vacas-C\u00f3rdoba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/10611860600965914","volume":"15","author":"Dutta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drug Targeting"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.04.054","volume":"431","author":"Ramana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-019-00458-8","volume":"50","author":"Okafor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Invest"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1208\/pt0804111","volume":"8","author":"Jain","year":"2007","journal-title":"AAPS Pharm Sci Tech"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2019.07.019","volume":"103","author":"Tsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-016-1100-1","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clust Sci"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.10.136","volume":"10","author":"Chiodo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Beilstein J Org Chem"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.03.079","volume":"20","author":"Di Gianvincenzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2717","volume":"4","author":"Nair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182653c1f","volume":"61","author":"Endsley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.028","volume":"27","author":"Aline","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref86","unstructured":"Dotiwala AK, McCausland C, Samra NS. Anatomy, head and neck, blood brain barrier. 2018."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2014.11.013","volume":"45","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archiv Med Res"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025160","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1025160","volume":"13","author":"Lawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00239","volume":"8","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix013","volume":"215","author":"Rahimy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.06.007","volume":"43","author":"Osborne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02424-02420","volume":"11","author":"Lorin","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2008.09.005","volume":"13","author":"Juillerat-Jeanneret","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"key":"ref94","volume-title":"The Handbook of Nanomedicine","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S45886","author":"Gomes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00789","volume":"11","author":"Bowen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118538","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2118538","volume":"2021","author":"Lawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabet Res"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2022.06.003","volume":"13","author":"Lawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2021.6699","volume":"22","author":"Lawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-2048-4","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.11.69","volume":"6","author":"Chalati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01750-w","volume":"21","author":"Fotooh Abadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60684-1","volume":"10","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13770","volume":"26","author":"Suriyarachchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"HIV med"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202400938","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202400938","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s44337-024-00121-8","volume":"1","author":"Woldu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11089","DOI":"10.1039\/c1sm06553j","volume":"7","author":"Franquelim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2174\/156720106776359221","volume":"3","author":"Jain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr drug deliv"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009445107","volume":"107","author":"Pollock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"8","volume":"2","author":"Sunil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Drug Dev Res"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2010.499460","volume":"19","author":"Dubey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drug Targeting"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2011.637048","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.02.023","volume":"151","author":"Bronshtein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s8905","author":"Saiyed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120986","volume":"607","author":"Rojekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2017.07.002","volume":"207","author":"Joshy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125166","volume":"670","author":"Bazargani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06589-5","volume":"7","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindgren M, Langel \u00dc. Classes and prediction of cell-penetrating peptides. In: Langel, \u00dc. (eds) Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 683. Humana Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-60761-919-2_1. 2010:3\u201319.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-919-2_1"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1517\/17425240903081705","volume":"6","author":"Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Delivery"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834171f8","volume":"25","author":"Smurzynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.08.004","volume":"29","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.10.022","volume":"102","author":"Ould-Ouali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.07.019","volume":"284","author":"Kipp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.04.037","volume":"26","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.03.030","volume":"133","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.08.042","volume":"100","author":"Diao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2012.08.049","volume":"41","author":"Esseghaier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref129","first-page":"235","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref130","first-page":"1","volume":"2025","author":"Patil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Technol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2021.3074","volume":"17","author":"Obisesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomed Nanotechnol"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.08.003","volume":"192","author":"Ramana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2017.10.012","volume":"26","author":"Rizvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.03.012","volume":"340","author":"Kuo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0295","volume":"27","author":"Borgmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-015-9780-2","volume":"17","author":"Anselmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900274","volume":"183","author":"Dou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071352","volume":"14","author":"Agbosu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010008","volume":"10","author":"Scarborough","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.12.004","volume":"19","author":"Weng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-015-0174-y","volume":"7","author":"Bobbin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome med"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.11.060","volume":"556","author":"Forbes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.08.015","volume":"26","author":"Sung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.13.23","volume":"5","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbiosy.2023.100073","volume":"9","author":"Khatun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials and Biosystems"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-020-2684-1","volume":"13","author":"Sweeney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.11.048","volume":"117","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1941","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg063","volume":"51","author":"Bahr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700972","volume":"199","author":"Aroh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2020.101056","volume":"36","author":"Astorga-Gamaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113860","volume":"176","author":"Mikelez-Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"ref153","first-page":"96","volume":"4","author":"Sabzehali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eurasian J Chem Med Pet Res"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1021\/mp034002c","volume":"1","author":"Panyam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Pharmaceut"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MA01075E","volume":"4","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater Adv"},{"key":"ref156","unstructured":"Deutsc G, Phillips NC, Tsoukas CM. Phase-I study of liposomal- azidothymidine (AZT) in advanced HIV disease. International Conference on AIDS; 1993."},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1367","volume":"25","author":"Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000139","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.04.027","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0385-5","volume":"18","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Mater"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10366-y","volume":"10","author":"Dash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2018.018","volume":"29","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0069-7","volume":"14","author":"Hultquist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Protocol"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7249","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516305112","volume":"112","author":"Bogerd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0191709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191709","volume":"13","author":"Dufour","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030126","volume":"10","author":"Dzmitruk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.207","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol ther"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.048","volume":"184","author":"Peris\u00e9-Barrios","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2008.07.035","volume":"132","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5044","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867311209025044","volume":"19","author":"Briz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR04759A","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11822","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201406764","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201000029","volume":"5","author":"Gonzalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2165\/11538400-000000000-00000","volume":"24","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9009","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.59728","volume":"11","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018270","volume":"6","author":"Kovochich","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.06.004","volume":"29","author":"Tomb\u00e1cz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60001-2","volume":"16","author":"Cevaal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00362","volume":"9","author":"Wallet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0269-z","volume":"21","author":"Garrido","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01481-w","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10674","volume":"18","author":"Zha","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.12.004","volume":"86","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16703-9","volume":"8","author":"Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.08.036","volume":"34","author":"Kanazawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.57","volume":"7","author":"Garrido","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Med Chem"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01745-z","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref188","unstructured":"NCT00711230 CD. ClinicalTrials database: NCT00711230: repeated DermaVir immunizations in HIV-1 infected treatment-na\u00efve patients (GIEU006). 2020."},{"key":"ref189","unstructured":"NCT00712530CD. ClinicalTrials database: NCT00712530: single DermaVir Immunization in HIV-1 infected patients on HAART (GIHU004). 2013."},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.05.007","volume":"35","author":"Haynes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref191","unstructured":"NCT02178800 CD. ClinicalTrials database: NCT02178800: evaluating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of an investigational, injectable HIV medicine (GSK1265744) in HIV-uninfected adults. 2021."},{"key":"ref192","unstructured":"NCT00740584 CD. ClinicalTrials database: NCT00740584: retention and duration of activity of SPL7013 (VivaGel\u00ae) after vaginal dosing. 2018."},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1021\/mp050023q","volume":"2","author":"McCarthy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Pharmaceut"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012309","volume":"5","author":"Tyssen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328346bd3e","volume":"25","author":"McGowan","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31823f2aeb","volume":"59","author":"Moscicki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref197","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials Database: NCT02165202: phase II Safety and Acceptability of an Investigational Injectable Product, TMC278LA, for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (TMC278LA). 2018. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02165202?term=NCT02165202&rank=1. Accessed November 3, 2025."},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.03.009","volume":"11","author":"Fiandra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13030231","volume":"13","author":"Mielke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13020133","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37742-z","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadd6502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add6502","volume":"378","author":"Leggat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf3309","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf3309","volume":"15","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci trans med"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30444-y","volume":"13","author":"Belal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.327","volume":"4","author":"Xuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-013-0134-2","volume":"3","author":"Chopra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl Res"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175305","volume":"26","author":"Cunha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108130","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13044","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02403","volume":"17","author":"Ejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsurfi.2025.100529","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Surf Interf"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124867","volume":"667","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118711","volume":"275","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6574","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b02028","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c01684","volume":"23","author":"Caparco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6895","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S465959","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.09.012","volume":"99","author":"Suk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.09.028","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol ther"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003327","volume":"134","author":"Rose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstetrics Gynecol"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01557-7","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00364-x","volume":"6","author":"Sliepen","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb1025","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb1025","volume":"5","author":"Kasturi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.04.045","volume":"8","author":"Villarreal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.026","volume":"105","author":"Batista-Duharte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nanomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/109025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/109025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:15:24Z","timestamp":1763464524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/recent-advances-in-nanoparticle-based-antiretroviral-drug-delivery-sys-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":224,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s540578","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-2013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-2013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}