{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:35:26Z","timestamp":1791315326405,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJN"],"DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s573168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T10:35:25Z","timestamp":1766918125000},"page":"15901-15920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 20","author":[{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangchao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juntang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9","volume":"22","author":"Safdarian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0311572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311572","volume":"19","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1772-1","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04829-9","volume":"163","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3366","volume":"39","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nri855","volume":"2","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13036","volume":"136","author":"de Rivero Vaccari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-1562-9","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-013118-111902","volume":"88","author":"Pegtel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.01.061","volume":"320","author":"Lopez-Verrilli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7841","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.909509","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00277-4","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04575-0","volume":"16","author":"Guan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-025-00748-3","volume":"2025","author":"Bonnet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10407","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S539673","volume":"20","author":"Ju","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2025.104048","volume":"135","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.89008","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105759","volume":"177","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136124","volume":"761","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772315Y.0000000043","volume":"38","author":"Guilcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30270-6","volume":"9","author":"Adams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001392","volume":"30","author":"Izzy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07877-1","volume":"25","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46292\/sci2702-1","volume":"27","author":"Rupp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77232","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.77232","volume":"17","author":"Boontoterm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126755","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1126755","volume":"14","author":"Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","volume":"10","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17018","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18","volume":"3","author":"Ahuja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115059","volume":"384","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010016","volume":"15","author":"Begum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020151","volume":"14","author":"Patilas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostic"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001","volume":"322","author":"Bracken","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-024-00639-z","volume":"21","author":"Seo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01507-x","volume":"44","author":"Parvin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.24976\/Discov.Med.202436183.67","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.01.038","volume":"8","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106811","volume":"207","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC.2008.25.11.E2","volume":"25","author":"Rowland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2013","volume":"94","author":"Pekny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1326","volume":"5","author":"Silver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3053","volume":"12","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-025-04347-5","volume":"50","author":"Pu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217701716","volume":"7","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1149","volume":"28","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.06.011","volume":"36","author":"Fehlings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106273242601","volume":"324","author":"Geisler","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765c6","volume":"72 Suppl 2","author":"Hurlbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"241","volume":"109","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090359","volume":"91","author":"Field-Fote","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01492-w","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70522-1","volume":"5","author":"Dietz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102007","volume":"45","author":"Fawcett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703387","volume":"7","author":"Fehlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2024_580","volume":"2960","author":"Samiminemati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03587-y","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2542-9","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","volume":"284","author":"Pittenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3002","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01776-y","volume":"97","author":"de Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03431-3","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102871","volume":"67","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c02259","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14428","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14428","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"6270","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063562","volume":"25","author":"Abdulmalek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326","volume":"30","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3494","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02324-x","volume":"58","author":"Fayazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.039","volume":"151","author":"Henne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177349","volume":"992","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201211138","volume":"200","author":"Raposo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004942","volume":"4","author":"Viaud","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2753","volume":"18","author":"Peinado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3169","volume":"17","author":"Costa-Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/ni854","volume":"3","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2009.12.003","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-019-0282-2","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.52570","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111354","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1771","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00904","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0417-0","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.06.022","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0285","volume":"5","author":"Furuta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0479","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0023-5","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17692-0","volume":"12","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i28.3627","volume":"28","author":"Harrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337255","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2024.2337255","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14677","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14677","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2019-0119","volume":"15","author":"Reyhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regener Med"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02011-z","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X686841","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003336","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0330","volume":"24","author":"Weiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03545-9","volume":"47","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02148-5","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00572-3","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.805","volume":"4","author":"Brennen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X15666200316164051","volume":"15","author":"Alishahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.055","volume":"1035","author":"Neuhuber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.570","volume":"29","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201908_18625","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00430","volume":"11","author":"Arjmand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S209636","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2146-x","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271211003311","volume":"40","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-020-09950-0","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1734598","volume":"131","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0228","volume":"24","author":"Ya\u00f1ez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21068","volume":"212","author":"Kilroy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1076","volume":"30","author":"Mizuno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051157","volume":"9","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-023-00498-y","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25923","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05512","volume":"16","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114454","volume":"247","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113914","volume":"146","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020479","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1358-y","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.023","volume":"165","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0290","volume":"39","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02963-4","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0190","volume":"5","author":"Darzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1105-9","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128348717250108184050","volume":"31","author":"Rajabloo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9636897231154579","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897231154579","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04651-w","volume":"19","author":"Luan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202466","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2022.07.013","volume":"28","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102378","volume":"88","author":"Hjazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02978-4","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2405054","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405054","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9110907","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10100640","volume":"10","author":"Nam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2304896","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304896","volume":"35","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21856-z","volume":"15","author":"Couvrette","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2001896","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001896","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0428","volume":"6","author":"Mead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523218666180125091952","volume":"17","author":"Venugopal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1319","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1319","volume":"13","author":"Sang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18472","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c22671","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0719-1","volume":"15","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1691\/ph.2022.11082","volume":"77","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092534","volume":"19","author":"Willis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03174-7","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211068129","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073","volume":"11","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","volume":"229","author":"Mantovani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00157","volume":"7","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S423819","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/fimmu.2014.00514","volume":"5","author":"Italiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Functional Differentiation Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5063","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00209","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16621-1","volume":"15","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02401-x","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370219895491","volume":"245","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03056-y","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1571-8","volume":"10","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2023.5297","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nanomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/110465","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/110465","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T10:35:28Z","timestamp":1766918128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived-exosomes-a-promising-therapeutic-strateg-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":162,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s573168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-2013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-2013","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}