{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:41:57Z","timestamp":1765629717903,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPR"],"DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s551513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:40:11Z","timestamp":1765629611000},"page":"6749-6768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors in Surgical Placement and System Design to Reduce Pocket Awareness and Optimize the User Experience of Spinal Cord Stimulators \u2013 A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7184-0678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brandon","family":"Gish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zayd","family":"Al-Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Tisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-492X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harman","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-0413","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Schatman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-0058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vinicius","family":"Tieppo Francio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-4912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tariq","family":"AlFarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Bracero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6849-1757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcin","family":"Karcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6276-9056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0527-5162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anuj","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-1074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Sciascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Deer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S289416","volume":"13","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10020185","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1336","volume":"23","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12698","volume":"21","author":"Deer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001854","volume":"161","author":"Joosten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104751","volume":"49","author":"Mekhail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.12.1157","volume":"97","author":"Mannheimer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.08.031","volume":"155","author":"de Vos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0538","volume":"78","author":"Petersen","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00558.x","volume":"13","author":"Hunter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000814","volume":"158","author":"Deer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd004001","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004001.pub3","volume":"2013","author":"Ubbink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13295","volume":"24","author":"Gish","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12166","volume":"17","author":"Baranidharan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00785.x","volume":"11","author":"Kapural","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00407.x","volume":"11","author":"Mekhail","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny245","volume":"20","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101681","volume":"45","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13173","volume":"24","author":"Dougherty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S327351","volume":"14","author":"Buchanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.01.021","volume":"26","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.6.SPINE181099","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13359","volume":"24","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Schmidek and Sweet: Operative Neurosurgical Techniques","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12642","volume":"20","author":"Van Buyten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12639","volume":"18","author":"Dupre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12254","volume":"18","author":"Moeschler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12065","volume":"16","author":"Babu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.11.010","volume":"26","author":"Beletsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002050","volume":"43","author":"Shamji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30414-4","volume":"19","author":"Mekhail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001418","volume":"79","author":"Kapural","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.12.SPINE211301","volume":"37","author":"Kapural","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab007","volume":"22","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2004.100.3.0254","volume":"100","author":"Cameron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13336","volume":"24","author":"Burke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.08.006","volume":"19","author":"Mekhail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13487","volume":"25","author":"Dombovy-Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.101","volume":"170","author":"Sommer","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.06.092","volume":"177","author":"Bharthi","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12872","volume":"22","author":"Prabhala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127","volume":"111","author":"Bartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13036","volume":"23","author":"Slyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.05.007","volume":"338","author":"Melchior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12373","volume":"19","author":"Shamji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.05.001","volume":"150","author":"Sparkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12160","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13097","volume":"22","author":"Mekhail","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"25","volume":"25","author":"Plesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12637","volume":"20","author":"Dietvorst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101752","volume":"45","author":"Baranidharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.04.007","volume":"21","author":"Wells","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51339","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51339","volume":"15","author":"Saleki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12325","volume":"18","author":"De La Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12482","volume":"20","author":"Marola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"E369","volume":"18","author":"Sparkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12976","volume":"24","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv025","volume":"17","author":"Eldabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redar.2024.02.001","volume":"71","author":"Garc\u00eda Baos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.11.056","volume":"375","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Power Sources"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2022.105627","volume":"55","author":"Eskandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Energ Storage"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13317","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.04.046","volume":"26","author":"Deer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13124","volume":"22","author":"Malinowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2006.00059.x","volume":"9","author":"Henderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1836024.012","volume":"15","author":"Isu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"key":"ref68","volume-title":"Spinal Cord Stimulation: Percutaneous Implantation Techniques","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"Spinal Fusion Techniques","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31328-x","volume":"13","author":"Obermeier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.10.015","volume":"25","author":"Deer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3595","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3595","volume":"10","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1000202","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Spine"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13863","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)80025-X","volume":"130","author":"Kanegaye","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31196","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31196","volume":"14","author":"Mastud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20573","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020573","volume":"99","author":"Cochetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2020.99.3.146","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg Treat Res"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd012124","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012124.pub2","volume":"4","author":"Goto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9912861","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9912861","volume":"2021","author":"Bendel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd003091","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003091.pub4","volume":"12","author":"Dumville","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.5.3.191","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12542","volume":"20","author":"Deer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12312","volume":"18","author":"Hayek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12206","volume":"17","author":"Deer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12565","volume":"20","author":"Deer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000155231","volume":"86","author":"Israel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1329921","volume":"29","author":"Carroll","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S74802","volume":"8","author":"Likar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0836-z","volume":"17","author":"Mankowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2376","volume":"90","author":"Vinik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/642568","volume":"11","author":"Lynch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20133418","volume":"47","author":"Maia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/109888","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/109888","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:40:13Z","timestamp":1765629613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/factors-in-surgical-placement-and-system-design-to-reduce-pocket-aware-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":94,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jpr.s551513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-7090"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-7090","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}