{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:31:29Z","timestamp":1773851489844,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NDT"],"DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s499080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T08:05:10Z","timestamp":1735545910000},"page":"2663-2677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advances in Clustering and Classification of Tic Disorders: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 20","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JinHyun","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinghao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00303-9","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112479","volume":"10","author":"Ueda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00139","volume":"9","author":"Novotny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13445","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2022.01.008","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.12.040","volume":"133","author":"McGuire","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00914-6","volume":"17","author":"Billnitzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14165","volume":"54","author":"Efron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0385-5","volume":"24","author":"Beijers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-201","volume":"11","author":"Wardenaar","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.01.004","volume":"36","author":"Orr\u00f9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2016.04.002","volume":"1","author":"Marquand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimag"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.07.025","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.291","volume":"159","author":"Alsobrook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.03.017","volume":"149","author":"Storch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e328015b937","volume":"17","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.009","volume":"61","author":"Mathews","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.039909","volume":"193","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.225029","volume":"82","author":"Cavanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.09.021","volume":"210","author":"McGuire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0000000000000084","volume":"25","author":"de Haan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002910","volume":"87","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0404.2003.00228.x","volume":"109","author":"Eapen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.019","volume":"64","author":"Grados","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700\u20137,e44","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12274","volume":"21","author":"Rodgers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.051","volume":"237","author":"Huisman-van","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16020240","volume":"174","author":"Darrow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001672","volume":"48","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13913","volume":"60","author":"Cravedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015","volume":"28","author":"Leckman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-024-00810-3","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01842-2","volume":"31","author":"Szejko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007466","volume":"92","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.016","volume":"37","author":"Paschou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.12.028","volume":"90","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.07.025","author":"Strom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnrt.2024.100095","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.09.048","volume":"151","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.10.007","volume":"126","author":"Vermilion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002318","volume":"53","author":"Atkinson-Clement","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.179","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070857","volume":"176","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnrt.2023.100082","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnrt.2023.100053","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8558","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2696","volume":"64","author":"Bertucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810\u20139819.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.04.009","volume":"49","author":"Grados","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010","volume":"37","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.007","volume":"65","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v14.i11.1641","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2023.06.011","volume":"65","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64196-0.00011-X","volume":"166","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00007-4","volume":"9","author":"Halperin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114606","volume":"453","author":"Shitova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcab282","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab282","volume":"3","author":"Paulus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29439","volume":"38","author":"Br\u00fcgge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"1","volume":"65","author":"Groth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e047343","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047343","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2018.09.008","volume":"143","author":"Martino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8997105","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8997105","volume":"2021","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.10.1.21","volume":"10","author":"Lubke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.23.08814-6","volume":"115","author":"Huo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Minerva Med"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/98860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/98860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T08:05:14Z","timestamp":1735545914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/advances-in-clustering-and-classification-of-tic-disorders-a-systemati-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":64,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ndt.s499080","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-2021"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-2021","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}