{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:13:27Z","timestamp":1793470407201,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OAJC"],"DOI":"10.2147\/oajc.s431368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T10:15:15Z","timestamp":1760436915000},"page":"131-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Understanding Problematic Bleeding When Using Contraception: Guidance for Clinicians"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 16","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Barretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-3278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Grandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.06.008","volume":"76","author":"Moreau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-012-9227-3","volume":"13","author":"Hickey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.08.012","volume":"75","author":"Mishell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(86)90006-5","volume":"34","author":"Belsey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2022.05.011","volume":"112","author":"Creinin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Ovarian and endometrial function during hormonal contraception. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1527\u20131535. doi:10.1093\/humrep\/16.7.1527","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.7.1527"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv038","volume":"21","author":"Maybin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(03)00068-9","volume":"45","author":"Ferenczy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.165","volume":"11","author":"Fraser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.10.004","volume":"91","author":"Merz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"158","volume":"Suppl 1","author":"Darney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Womens Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/0951359042000199869","volume":"18","author":"Endrikat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181842071","volume":"112","author":"Sulak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S6162","volume":"2","author":"Wieder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Ortho Evra (norelgestromin\/ethinyl estradiol transdermal system) Prescribing Information. Silver Spring, MD: FDA; 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/021180Orig1s046lbl.pdf. Accessed October 03, 2025."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004317.pub5","volume":"4","author":"Mack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92,104","DOI":"10.2307\/2991665","volume":"30","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fam Plann Perspect"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003989","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003989.pub5","volume":"2013","author":"Gallo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14309.x","volume":"100","author":"Akerlund","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154634","volume":"11","author":"Archer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107789","volume":"222","author":"Bick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00221-9","volume":"64","author":"Endrikat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.11.013","volume":"61","author":"Schindler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004861.pub2","author":"Lawrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.03.018","volume":"80","author":"Ahrendt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(03)00141-0","volume":"68","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. Guideline on Combined Hormonal Contraception. January 2019, amended October 2023. London: FSRH; 2023."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.02.048","volume":"195","author":"Sulak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2011-100214","volume":"38","author":"Klipping","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00025-6","volume":"59","author":"Van Heusden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.01.021","volume":"90","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000160430.61799.f6","volume":"105","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90555-L","volume":"163","author":"Orme","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(01)01532-0","volume":"98","author":"Dickinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70440-4","volume":"174","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1894070","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000298338.58511.d1","volume":"111","author":"Creinin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Evra\u00ae. Summary of product characteristics. Brussels: Janssen-Cilag International NV; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/documents\/community-register\/2008\/2008090848991\/anx_48991_en.pdf. Accessed October 03, 2025."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"872","volume":"55","author":"Lohr","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.12.008","volume":"216","author":"Zigler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(94)90113-9","volume":"50","author":"McCann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(88)90038-8","volume":"38","author":"Belsey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(90)90077-9","volume":"42","author":"Broome","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use. 3rd. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"161","volume":"109","author":"Schrager","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"S64","volume":"87","author":"Phaliwong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.12.007","volume":"93","author":"Duijkers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231856","volume":"15","author":"Palacios","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1783247","volume":"13","author":"Chiara Del Savio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2023.2284085","volume":"29","author":"Grandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"CD001776","volume":"2004","author":"French","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use. 3rd ed. 2016."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64753-7","volume":"14","author":"Ratanasaengsuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180801959931","volume":"13","author":"Mansour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003452","volume":"134","author":"Lazorwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.03.045","volume":"100","author":"Lazorwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.115","volume":"11","author":"Boonkasemsanti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","author":"Grandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000974","volume":"126","author":"Guiahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14195","volume":"46","author":"Upawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-020-00142-5","volume":"6","author":"Shoupe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contracept Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.09.012","volume":"73","author":"Phupong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003896","volume":"136","author":"Edelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.02.009","volume":"70","author":"Massai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep081","volume":"24","author":"Weisberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guideline EA. FSRH Guideline (February 2021) Progestogen-only Implant. BMJ Sexual Reproduct Health. 2021;47:1. doi:10.1136\/bmjsrh-2021-CHC","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2021-CHC"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-005-9003-z","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00302-X","volume":"65","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(96)00189-8","volume":"54","author":"Suvisaari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56455-3","volume":"61","author":"Sivin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref71","unstructured":"Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH). Problematic Bleeding with Hormonal Contraception. 04\/FSRH\/Problematic Bleeding\/2015. London: FSRH; 2015."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.09.021","volume":"206","author":"Madden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Oderkerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31828c65d8","volume":"121","author":"Sordal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.01.015","volume":"109","author":"Lal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey296","volume":"33","author":"Papaikonomou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Open Access Journal of Contraception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/107863","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/107863","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T10:15:20Z","timestamp":1760436920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/understanding-problematic-bleeding-when-using-contraception-guidance-f-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OAJC"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/oajc.s431368","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-1527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-1527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}