{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:51:41Z","timestamp":1778097101474,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OPTH"],"DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s243203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T21:59:22Z","timestamp":1583877562000},"page":"775-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["&lt;p&gt;Giant Cell Arteritis: The Experience of Two Collaborative Referral Centers and an Overview of Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Advancements&lt;\/p&gt;"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8578-7663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Dammacco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8313-4159","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Alessio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6071-4318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ermete","family":"Giancipoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0904-1074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cirulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4335-4776","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Resta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-8216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angelo","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-5471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franco","family":"Dammacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3434-7","volume":"254","author":"De Smit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.2017.47.issue-11","volume":"47","author":"Ninan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000528","volume":"29","author":"Sammel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii63","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex428","volume":"57","author":"Vodopivec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1214825","volume":"371","author":"Weyand","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","volume":"53","author":"Salvarani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"S96","volume":"31","author":"Figus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1266030","volume":"46","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.008","volume":"123","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151135","volume":"43","author":"Liozon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.98","volume":"13","author":"Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken480","volume":"48","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","volume":"38","author":"Salvarani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2003.09.007","volume":"33","author":"Gonzalez-gay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.01.001","volume":"61","author":"Frohman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2003.09.008","volume":"33","author":"Cantini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810","volume":"33","author":"Hunder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34356","volume":"64","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2013.793777","volume":"42","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80193-7","volume":"125","author":"Hayreh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20900","volume":"20","author":"Luqmani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.v97:12","volume":"97","author":"Ball","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"116","volume":"95","author":"Daily","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq039a","volume":"49","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"17","volume":"8","author":"Antonio-santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Neurol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701562","volume":"18","author":"Hayreh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3774-y","volume":"255","author":"Balducci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000500","volume":"53","author":"Sommer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01105010001","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Neurol J"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.11.002","volume":"28","author":"Hayreh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.101082","volume":"22","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.120540","volume":"185","author":"De Smit","year":"2013","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74798-1","volume":"113","author":"Hamed","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1139\/I06-009","volume":"41","author":"McKillop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73140","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.161","volume":"9","author":"Weyand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii51","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex423","volume":"57","author":"Terrades-garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.9.1050","volume":"84","author":"Rittner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022694","volume":"349","author":"Weyand","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199804)41:4<623::AID-ART9>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"41","author":"Kaiser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00228-8","volume":"110","author":"Hayreh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1283","volume":"21","author":"Nesher","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","volume":"49","author":"Proven","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","volume":"56","author":"Mahr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1501360","volume":"19","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180429","volume":"46","author":"Koster","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.06.008","volume":"57","author":"Samson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003","volume":"49","author":"Calder\u00f3n-goercke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200865","volume":"71","author":"Prieto-gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0493-x","volume":"26","author":"Paraskevas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"57","volume":"37 Suppl 117","author":"de Boysson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/art.v46:5","volume":"46","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","volume":"41","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-gay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1529-0131","volume":"41","author":"Cid","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.04.025","volume":"88","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5444","volume":"315","author":"Buttgereit","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13288","volume":"22 Suppl 1","author":"Kermani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212649","volume":"77","author":"Dejaco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03129","volume":"24","author":"Pfeil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2016.05.001","volume":"30","author":"Ninan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X19827222","author":"Low","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00560-2","volume":"387","author":"Villiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613849","volume":"377","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00003","volume":"120","author":"Achkar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140318","volume":"42","author":"De Smit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=56742","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=56742","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T22:24:36Z","timestamp":1583965476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/giant-cell-arteritis-the-experience-of-two-collaborative-referral-cent-peer-reviewed-article-OPTH"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.s243203","relation":{},"ISSN":["1177-5483"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1177-5483","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}