{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:52:54Z","timestamp":1762145574539,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TCRM"],"DOI":"10.2147\/tcrm.s262936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T21:55:12Z","timestamp":1602021312000},"page":"933-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<p>The Current Recommended Drugs and Strategies for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)<\/p>"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8802-7520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Sheikhpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020135","volume":"12","author":"Gralinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30357-3","volume":"395","author":"Shimizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2020.40","volume":"44","author":"Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"journal-title":"medRxiv","year":"2020","author":"Zhu","key":"ref6"},{"journal-title":"J Crit Care","year":"2020","author":"Cortegiani","key":"ref7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2020.03.001","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(06)66005-3","volume":"66","author":"Masters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.013","author":"Arafah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.007","volume":"51","author":"Manhas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolcato G, Bissaro M, Pavan M, Sturlese M, Moro S Targeting the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: computational insights into the mechanism of action of the protease inhibitors Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Nelfinavir. 2020.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-20948\/v1"},{"key":"ref13","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.002","volume":"81","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"journal-title":"medRxiv","year":"2020","author":"Belhadi","key":"ref15"},{"key":"ref16","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref17","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1662-x","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25729","volume":"92","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00221","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00221-18","volume":"9","author":"Agostini","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"e102400","volume":"8","author":"Karimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2020.8543","volume":"12","author":"Nicastri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11613","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811345115","volume":"115","author":"Goldhill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.03.007","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2020.01012","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov Ther"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"journal-title":"medRxiv","year":"2020","author":"Chen","key":"ref27"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938","volume":"55","author":"Devaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104762","author":"Touret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01540.x","volume":"15","author":"Frisk-Holmberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6793","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"journal-title":"medRxiv","year":"2020","author":"Huang","key":"ref32"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"journal-title":"arXiv Preprint arXiv:200300751","year":"2020","author":"Deng","key":"ref34"},{"journal-title":"arXiv Preprint arXiv:200305507","year":"2020","author":"Sun","key":"ref35"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.74","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol","year":"2020","author":"Zheng","key":"ref37"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang J, Du R, Lu Q, et al. The treatment and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multi-centered, retrospective, observational study. 2020.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3546060"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"10","volume":"38","author":"Shanmugaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1729069","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"journal-title":"J Med Virol","year":"2020","author":"Zhang","key":"ref41"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"4030","volume":"24","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104743","volume":"155","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm Pract"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103894","volume":"68","author":"Onishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neh081","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2005.00297.x","volume":"76","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Sci J"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-017-0092-1","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Eng"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v13i2.21","volume":"13","author":"Mahmood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"27","volume":"12","author":"Okada","year":"1978","journal-title":"JARQ"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081337","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.06.010","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02724.x","volume":"46","author":"Imanishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104761","volume":"156","author":"Runfeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun N, Wong WL, Guo J. Prediction of potential 3CLpro-targeting anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds from Chinese medicine. 2020.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0247.v1"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0228","volume":"11","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.02.006","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"E71","volume":"23","author":"Orleans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu396","volume":"211","author":"Mair-Jenkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138003","volume":"130","author":"Casadevall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"journal-title":"JAMA","year":"2020","author":"Shen","key":"ref61"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30141-9","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-31047-3_15","author":"Kuhn","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Concepts Antivir Ther"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.03.047","volume":"526","author":"Luan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507","volume":"367","author":"Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.004","volume":"181","author":"Monteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000028","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.202000028","volume":"39","author":"Ton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Inform"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"journal-title":"ACS Nano","year":"2020","author":"Chauhan","key":"ref70"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2090","volume":"7","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25761","volume":"92","author":"Lung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.12.015","volume":"115","author":"B\u00e1ez-Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1812.12024","volume":"29","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"528","volume":"19","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"journal-title":"bioRxiv","year":"2020","author":"Chowdhury","key":"ref77"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6383","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03697","volume":"14","author":"Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050486","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"304","volume":"8","author":"Shaikhpoor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Cancer Ther Rev"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-002-0300-8","volume":"51","author":"Entschladen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.29252\/ibj.24.1.24","volume":"24","author":"Sheikhpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201302600212","volume":"26","author":"Sheikhpour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010044","volume":"8","author":"Rein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"22","volume":"4","author":"Read","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Health"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-019-00543-8","volume":"67","author":"Sza\u0142ach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.11.021","volume":"109","author":"Di Rosso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"71","author":"Zumla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elsevier"},{"key":"ref89","unstructured":"Yaseen AZEIA, Brian ABAMR, Eskild M, et al. Host-directed therapies for improving poor treatment outcomes associated with the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. 2015."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.04.035","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"113198","author":"Ris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1987.tb03496.x","volume":"7","author":"Sommi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00983-12","volume":"56","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X12666140828221720","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003946","volume":"10","author":"Stanley","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02084-12","volume":"57","author":"Ulferts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref97","unstructured":"Organization WH. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020."}],"container-title":["Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=62221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/getfile.php?fileID=62221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T21:55:25Z","timestamp":1602021325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/the-current-recommended-drugs-and-strategies-for-the-treatment-of-coro-peer-reviewed-article-TCRM"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":97,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/tcrm.s262936","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-203X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1178-203X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}