{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:18:09Z","timestamp":1764220689782,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["VMRR"],"DOI":"10.2147\/vmrr.s544186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:00:15Z","timestamp":1764219615000},"page":"77-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diversity of Multi-Drug Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry in Southern Togo"],"prefix":"10.2147","volume":"Volume 16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-7184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Malibida","family":"Dolou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essokedi","family":"Tchedie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essolakina","family":"Dolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akoele","family":"Siliadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amivi","family":"Godonou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abla","family":"Konou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essodina","family":"Talaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simplice","family":"Karou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mounerou","family":"Salou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anoumou","family":"Dagnra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume":"84","author":"Muylaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animales M\u00e9dicale et V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"INRAE Productions Animales","year":"2022","DOI":"10.20870\/productions-animales.2022.35.4.7301"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00098","volume":"6","author":"Schroeder","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1967.tb21412.x","volume":"1","author":"Hansman","year":"1967","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1054\/drup.2000.0167","volume":"3","author":"Barbosa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.578-583","volume":"12","author":"Hayati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"660p","author":"Berche","year":"1991","journal-title":"Flammarion, M\u00e9decine & Sciences"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Bact\u00e9riologie clinique","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.1727-1737","volume":"15","author":"Bedekelabou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Les cahiers de la Recherche: Sant\u00e9, Environnement, Travail","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2713-2727","volume":"13","author":"Al Amin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.4314\/ijbcs.v11i3.19","volume":"11","author":"Toudji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Biol Chem Sci"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"18,30","author":"Pot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Th\u00e8se de Doctorat de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 Microbiologie"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"HM Government"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"ANPAT-Togo. Poultry farms list in Togo. Togo livestock department, 2017. unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.11648\/j.avs.20251304.11","volume":"13","author":"Dolou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"OMSA. Manuel terrestre: pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement, exp\u00e9dition et stockage des \u00e9chantillons pour le diagnostic.Google line, 2018, Available from: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/fr\/Health_standards\/tahm\/F_summry.htm. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.1066-1079","volume":"15","author":"Al","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Dorkenoo A. Manuel des proc\u00e9dures op\u00e9ratoires standardis\u00e9es de l\u2019antibiogramme au Togo. Troisi\u00e8me \u00e9dition-Janvier 2020, 47p."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"CASFM\/EUCAST. Recommandation concernant la d\u00e9tection des r\u00e9sistances aux antibiotiques. Available from: https:\/\/r.search.yahoo.com\/_ylt=AwrIfLbfVnlnwU839muPAwx.;_ylu=Y29sbwMEcG9zAzEEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3Ny\/RV=2\/RE=1736034143\/RO=10\/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.sfm-microbiologie.org%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2023%2f06%2fCASFM2023_V1.0.pdf\/RK=2\/RS=BA1F6NpnSBTgCHuMps6JSa9HPw0-. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.40.1.3209","volume":"01","author":"Cullinane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Tech. Rev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1137","volume":"38","author":"Cock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Submitted (24-JAN-2014) National Medicines Institute, Molecular Microbiology, Chelmska"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa390","volume":"76","author":"Markus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.03617-13","volume":"52","author":"Joensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Th\u00e8se de doctorat, EISMV","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1097\/mib.0000000000000036","volume":"20","author":"Rajca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486","volume":"326","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050539","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0560-8","volume":"49","author":"Hoelzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4267\/2042\/63755","volume":"150","author":"Carlier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bulletin de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de France tome"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"GRANIT. Rapport d\u2019analyse intersectorielle pour l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest: b\u00e9nin, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Togo. Groupe R\u00e9gional d\u2019Analyse Intersectorielle.2023."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2020.9437","volume":"Vol. 14","author":"Bedekelabou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Wouembo F. Analyse de l\u2019usage des antibiotiques dans les \u00e9levages avicoles modernes de poules pondeuses de la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019ouest du Cameroun. Th\u00e8se de doctorat, \u00c9cole Inter-\u00c9tats des Sciences et M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires, Dakar, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, 2013, 144. https:\/\/beep.ird.fr\/greenstone\/collect\/eismv\/index\/assoc\/TD14-13.dir\/TD14-3.pdf."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA et ECDC. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014, EFSA J. 2015;13(12):4329,191. pp. doi:10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4329","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4329"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1020-1027","volume":"14","author":"Assoumy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a025247","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025247","volume":"6","author":"Bush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5090","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145090","volume":"21","author":"Giulia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.18.4.657-686.2005","volume":"18","author":"Paterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00774-09","volume":"53","author":"Yong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1086\/649537","volume":"50","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Quel traitement des infections \u00e0 BLSE en r\u00e9animation ? Best available treatment for ESBL-PE related infections in ICU? D\u00e9partement de microbiologie clinique, unit\u00e9 de contr\u00f4le et de pr\u00e9vention du risque infectieux","year":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anrea.2019.03.009"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2923","volume":"11","author":"Bush","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"123","volume":"55","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.04.010","volume":"22","author":"Brook","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-5-396","volume":"50","author":"Stock","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01260-w","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Youri G, Huang T. R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la colistine chez les bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 gram-n\u00e9gatif. Bulletin pour la pr\u00e9vention et la maitrise des infections associ\u00e9es aux soins. Noso info.Vol.XXVIIN\u00b01,2023.https:\/\/www.nosoinfo.be\/nosoinfos\/resistance-a-la-colistine-chez-les-bacteries-a-gram-negatif\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com."},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"80","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci"},{"key":"ref51","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"ANSES. R\u00e9sistance aux antibiotiques: de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments concernant la colistine.2015 Disponible en ligne. https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/."},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"University of Rajasthan","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks196","volume":"67","author":"Poole","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.05.051","volume":"157","author":"Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3439","volume":"13","author":"Berendonk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6020032","volume":"6","author":"Lhermie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Boeckel T, Brower C, Gilbert M, et al. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015, 112:5649\u20135654.10.1073\/pnas.1503141112.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.4.585","volume":"49","author":"Wise","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"OMS. R\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens et plan-cadre des Nations Unies pour l\u2019aide au d\u00e9veloppement durable.OMS, 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/10\/unsdcf-amr-guidance-web-final-fr.pdf. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"World Bank. Drug-resistant infections: a threat to our economic future (License: creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO).Google online,2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/health\/publication\/drug-resistant-infections-a-threat-to-our-economic-future. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref62","year":""},{"key":"ref63","unstructured":"INSERM.Comment les effets des mutations \u00e9voluent-ils au cours de l\u2019adaptationbact\u00e9rienne?Inserm.2024.Available from;https:\/\/www.inserm.fr\/actualite\/comment-les-effets-des-mutations-evoluent-ils-au-cours-de-ladaptation-bacterienne\/?utm.Accessed 2025."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku197","volume":"69","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.2.346","volume":"148","author":"\u00d8rskov","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800051207","volume":"112","author":"Renaud","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","volume":"14","author":"Bradford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.836-839.2005","volume":"49","author":"Antunes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1684\/abc.2012.0686","volume":"70","author":"Elhani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Biol. Clin"},{"key":"ref70","unstructured":"INSERM. R\u00e9sistance aux antibiotiques: un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne massif et pr\u00e9occupant. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.inserm.fr\/dossier\/resistance-antibiotiques\/?utm*. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref71","unstructured":"ANSE. Antibior\u00e9sistance et environnement: \u00c9tat et causes possibles de la contamination des milieux en France. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/fr\/system\/files\/EAUX2016SA0252Ra.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2012282016","volume":"28","author":"Da Re","year":"","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01800-5","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref74","unstructured":"ANSES. R\u00e9sistance aux antibiotiques: de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments concernant la colistine. Disponible en ligne, 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/. Accessed November 18, 2025."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01707-08","volume":"53","author":"Carattoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx488","volume":"73","author":"Rozwandowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1364026","volume":"73","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.001","volume":"1","author":"Carattoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"ref79","unstructured":"CNRS. Focus science: au c\u0153ur des rouages de la r\u00e9sistance bact\u00e9rienne aux antibiotiques. J CNRS du."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818","volume":"2","author":"Kaper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-132","volume":"9","author":"Mora","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.110","volume":"10","author":"Pitout","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Rev Anti-Infective Ther"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040418","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/109323","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/article\/download\/109323","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T05:00:18Z","timestamp":1764219618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/diversity-of-multi-drug-resistance-genes-in-escherichia-coli-isolated--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VMRR"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":83,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/vmrr.s544186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-2034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-2034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}