{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:41:00Z","timestamp":1789756860083,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop.Med.Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2014-30","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,6]],"date-time":"2014-12-06T00:36:07Z","timestamp":1417826167000},"page":"75-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Survey of Wild Mammal Hosts of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Parasites in Panam\u00e1 and Costa Rica"],"prefix":"10.2149","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kadir","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Calzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azael","family":"Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chystrie A.","family":"Rigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernal","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel D.","family":"Kitron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory H.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Gottdenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"911","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1 Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, et\u00a0al. Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e35671.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2 Christensen HA, Fairchild GB, Herrer A, et\u00a0al. The ecology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the republic of Panama. J Med Entomol 1983; 20: 463\u2013484.","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/20.5.463"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3 Reithinger R, Dujardin J-C, Louzir H, et\u00a0al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7: 581\u2013596.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4 Chaves LF, Hernandez M-J. Mathematical modelling of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: incidental hosts and threshold conditions for infection persistence. Acta Tropica 2004; 92: 245\u2013252.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.08.004"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5 Telford SR Jr, Herrer A, Christensen HA. Enzootic cutaneous leishmaniasis in eastern Panama. 3. Ecological factors relating to the mammalian hosts. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1972; 66: 173\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1972.11686813"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6 Herrer A, Telford SR Jr, Christensen HA. Enzootic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Eastern Panama. I. Investigation of the infection among forest mammals. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1971; 65: 349\u2013358.","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1971.11686764"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7 Herrer A, Telford SR Jr. <i>Leishmania braziliensis<\/i> Isolated from Sloths in Panama. Science 1969; 164: 1419\u20131420.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3886.1419"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8 Herrer A, Christensen HA. <i>Leishmania braziliensis<\/i> in the Panamanian Two-Toed Sloth, <i>Choloepus hoffmanni<\/i>. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980; 29: 1196\u20131200.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.1196"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9 Zeled\u00f3n R, McPherson B, Ponce C. Isolation of <i>Leishmania braziliensis<\/i> from a Wild Rodent in Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977; 26: 1044\u20131045.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1977.26.1044"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10 Zeled\u00f3n R, Ponce C, De Ponce E. The Isolation of <i>Leishmania braziliensis<\/i> from Sloths in Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1975; 24: 706\u2013707.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.706"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11 Chaves LF, Hernandez M-J, Dobson AP, et\u00a0al. Sources and sinks: revisiting the criteria for identifying reservoirs for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trends Parasitol 2007; 23: 311\u2013316.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.05.003"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12 Chaves LF, Hernandez M-J, Ramos S. Simulaci\u00f3n de modelos matem\u00e1ticos como herramienta para el estudio de los reservorios de la Leishmaniasis Cut\u00e1nea Americana. Divulgaciones matem\u00e1ticas 2008; 16: 125\u2013154."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13 Salda\u00f1a A, Chaves LF, Rigg CA, et\u00a0al. Clinical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Rates Are Associated with Household <i>Lutzomyia gomezi<\/i>, <i>Lu. panamensis<\/i>, and <i>Lu. trapidoi<\/i> Abundance in Trinidad de Las Minas, Western Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 88: 572\u2013574."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14 Chaves LF, Calzada JE, Rigg C, et\u00a0al. Leishmaniasis sand fly vector density reduction is less marked in destitute housing after insecticide thermal fogging. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6: 164.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-164"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15 Calzada JE, Salda\u00f1a A, Rigg C, et\u00a0al. Changes in phlebotomine sand fly species composition following insecticide thermal fogging in a rural setting of western Panam\u00e1. PLoS One 2013; 8: e53289.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053289"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16 Chaves LF, Cohen JM, Pascual M, et\u00a0al. Social Exclusion Modifies Climate and Deforestation Impacts on a Vector-Borne Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008; 2: e176.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000176"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17 Vogel I, de Thoisy B, Vi\u00e9 J-C. Comparison of injectable anesthesic combinations in free-ranging Two-Toed Sloths in French Guiana. J Wild Dis 1998; 34: 555\u2013566.","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.3.555"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18 Hoff J. Methods of blood collection in the mouse. Lab Anim 2000; 29: 47\u201353."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19 Garcia L, Kindt A, Bermudez H, et\u00a0al. Culture-Independent Species Typing of Neotropical <i>Leishmania<\/i> for Clinical Validation of a PCR-Based Assay Targeting Heat Shock Protein 70 Genes. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 2294\u20132297.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2294-2297.2004"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20 Vergel C, Walker J, Saravia NG. Amplification of human DNA by primers targeted to <i>Leishmania<\/i> kinestoplast DNA and Post-Genome considerations in the detection of parasites by a polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 72: 423\u2013429.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.423"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21 Miranda A, Salda\u00f1a A, Gonz\u00e1lez K, et\u00a0al. Evaluation of PCR for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis and species identification using filter paper samples in Panama, Central America. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2012; 106: 544\u2013548.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.05.005"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22 Miranda A, Carrasco R, Paz H, et\u00a0al. Molecular Epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009; 81: 565\u2013571.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.08-0265"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23 Chaves LF, Calzada JE, Valderama A, et\u00a0al. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Sand Fly fluctuations are associated with El Ni\u00f1o in Panam\u00e1. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8: e3210.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003210"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24 Garnham PCC. The Leishmanias, with Special Reference to the Role of Animal Reservoirs. Am Zool 1965; 5: 141\u2013151.","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/5.1.141"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25 Alexander B, Lozano C, Barker DC, et\u00a0al. Detection of <i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/i> complex in wild mammals from Colombian coffee plantations by PCR and DNA hybridization. Acta Tropica 1998; 69: 41\u201350.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00114-9"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"26 Scorza JV, Rezzano S, M\u00e1rquez JC. <i>Didelphis marsupialis<\/i>, reservorio primario de <i>Leishmania<\/i> spp. en la ciudad de Trujillo, Venezuela. Bolet\u00edn de Malariolog\u00eda y Saneamiento Ambiental 1986; 26: 1\u20135."},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27 Thatcher VE, Eisenmann C, Hertig M. A natural infection of <i>Leishmania<\/i> in the kinkajou, <i>Potos flavus<\/i>, in Panama. J Parasitol 1965; 51: 1022\u20131023.","DOI":"10.2307\/3275904"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T10:38:49Z","timestamp":1606732729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/tmh\/43\/1\/43_2014-30\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2149\/tmh.2014-30","relation":{},"ISSN":["1348-8945","1349-4147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1348-8945","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-4147","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}