{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:40:56Z","timestamp":1787024456170,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2671,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u03b3\u2010Aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, is also found in many peripheral nonneuronal tissues, including male reproductive organs. However, the distribution of GABAergic cells in various organs is not known. The GAD67\u2010GFP knock\u2010in mouse is a useful model for studying the distribution and morphology of GABAergic neurons in the brain. We examined the male reproductive organs of GAD67\u2010GFP knock\u2010in mice by fluorescence microscopy and found cells with strong green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal exclusively in the epithelium of the initial segment and proximal caput of the epididymis. The characteristic cell morphology suggested that these were narrow cells. These GFP\u2010positive narrow cells also expressed GAD67 and GABA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) analysis showed that the predominant glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoform expressed in the epididymis is GAD67. RT\u2010PCR analysis also revealed that mRNAs encoding the GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    and GABA\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor subunits necessary for the assembly of functional receptors are expressed in the epididymis. GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor subunit mRNAs detected in the proximal epididymis included \u03b12, \u03b21, \u03b31, and \u03b33, and both the R1 and R2 subunit mRNAs of GABA\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors were detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor subunit proteins revealed that \u03b12, \u03b21, and \u03b3 subunits expressed in spermatozoa, whereas we did not detect these GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor subunits in epithelial cells. GABA\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors were produced by narrow cells and spermatozoa of GAD67\u2010GFP knock\u2010in and wild\u2010type Jcl:ICR mice. Our data suggest that the GABA system might have important functional roles in narrow cells and on spermatozoa in the lumen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.04157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T20:08:48Z","timestamp":1123531728000},"page":"568-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Epithelial Localization of Green Fluorescent Protein\u2010Positive Cells in Epididymis of the GAD67\u2010GFP Knock\u2010in Mouse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchio","family":"Yanagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoto","family":"Kanbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Maemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Hayasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhito","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Obata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoji","family":"Katsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Yabumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092090207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1996.tb01776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Motility and agglutination of fowl spermatozoa in media of different amino acid content and pH value in vitro","volume":"44","author":"Barna J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.10.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod14.3.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-76915-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00219754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0908"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00120-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0420001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"GABAergic Mechanisms in the Mammalian Periphery","author":"Erd\u00f6 SL","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"The occurrence of GABA in vas deferens, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle and testicle of the rat","volume":"34","author":"Erd\u00f6 SL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Biol Hung"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(84)90141-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90763-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092170206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00405-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5635-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4732"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.49.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091750205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010290099246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014876303062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.04185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.275.5.G897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5398.74","article-title":"Role of heteromer formation in GABAB receptor function","volume":"283","author":"Kunner R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Seminal plasma gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in normospernic men","volume":"206","author":"Leader A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/335076a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.1985.tb00114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1995.tb01093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00052-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91633-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000138698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.12.7607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01823-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(00)00156-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890210302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90296-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Vol 42. GABA and Endocrine Function","author":"Ritta MN","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Coexistence of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid type A and type B receptors in testicular interstitial cells","volume":"42","author":"Ritta MN","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"999","volume-title":"The Physiology of Reproduction","author":"Robaire B.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"G953","article-title":"GABA mediation of the dual effects of somatostatin on guinea pig ileal myenteric cholinergic transmission","volume":"264","author":"Roberts DJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Effect of norfloxacin, a new quinolone of on GABA modulation of TRH\u2010induced TSH release from perifused rat pituitaries","volume":"119","author":"Roussel JP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Changes in the development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos after the chronic administration of GABA","volume":"37","author":"Sedl\u00e1cek J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiol Bohemoslov"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00238-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(98)01270-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091960304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-8159-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-3-980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(02)13011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"The Physiology of Reproduction","author":"Yanagimachi R.","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.2164%2Fjandrol.04157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2164\/jandrol.04157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T17:17:53Z","timestamp":1697476673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.2164\/jandrol.04157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2164\/jandrol.04157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2164\/jandrol.04157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-3635","1939-4640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-3635","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-4640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,10]]}}}