{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:29:54Z","timestamp":1791404994264,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2370,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We evaluated the relationships between proteins in cauda epididymis fluid (CEF) and fertility scores of dairy bulls. Fertility was expressed as the percentage point deviation (PD) of bull nonreturn rate from the average fertility of all bulls at an artificial insemination center. The number of services for each bull ranged from 1074 to 52 820, and PD values ranged from +7.7% to \u22126.6%. CEF from 20 bulls was obtained from vasa deferentia cannulae and was separated from sperm by centrifugation immediately after collection. Samples were evaluated by 2\u2010dimensional (2\u2010D) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels stained with Coomassie blue, and polypeptide maps were analyzed by PDQuest software. Protein quantities, defined as the total integrated optical density of the spots, were compared between groups of high\u2010fertility sires (n = 12; PD \u2265 0) and low\u2010fertility sires (n = 8; PD &lt; 0) and were also used as independent variables in regression analysis. Proteins were identified by capillary liquid chromatography\u2014nanoelectrospray ionization\u2014tandem mass spectrometry. An average of 118 spots was detected in 2\u2010D maps of the CEF, but we were unable to distinguish any protein that was expressed only in high\u2010fertility or in low\u2010fertility bulls. However, the amount of \u03b1\u2010L\u2010fucosidase 2 and cathepsin D was 2.3\u2010 and 2.4\u2010fold greater (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05) in high\u2010fertility than in low\u2010fertility bulls, respectively. Conversely, the intensities of 3 isoforms (24\u201327 kd; pl 6.3\u20135.8) of prostaglandin D\u2010synthase (PGDS) were from 3.2\u2010 to 2.2\u2010fold greater in low\u2010fertility sires (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). An empirical regression model established that a significant proportion (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.72;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001) of the variation in fertility scores (PD values) was explained by the intensities of cathepsin D and 1 isoform of PGDS (24 kd; pl 6.3). Thus, multiple proteins present in the CEF are potential biomarkers of fertility in high\u2010use, mature Holstein bulls.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T16:21:09Z","timestamp":1153239669000},"page":"534-541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Proteins of the Cauda Epididymal Fluid Associated With Fertility of Mature Dairy Bulls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Arlindo A.","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Koc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary 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